本文選題：鐵路行業(yè) + 競爭　； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為，由于鐵路行業(yè)的自然壟斷屬性、公共性等特征，需要在鐵路行業(yè)采用壟斷經(jīng)營的模式。在鐵路行業(yè)發(fā)展初期，壟斷經(jīng)營的確有助于鐵路行業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，壟斷經(jīng)營的弊端日益突出，甚至導(dǎo)致鐵路行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)營困境。為擺脫因壟斷經(jīng)營所造成的經(jīng)營困境，不得不考慮在鐵路行業(yè)引入競爭、放松規(guī)制。西方主要發(fā)達(dá)國家在解決本國鐵路行業(yè)經(jīng)營困境時，根據(jù)本國國情，，區(qū)分鐵路行業(yè)的路網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)和運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)，在鐵路行業(yè)進(jìn)行競爭化改革，并逐漸放松對競爭業(yè)務(wù)的規(guī)制。我國鐵路行業(yè)在過去的幾十年中也嘗試過數(shù)次內(nèi)部改革，但因歷次改革均未觸動政企合一的規(guī)制管理體系。在政企合一規(guī)制管理體制下，規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)與市場經(jīng)營主體角色混同，導(dǎo)致行政權(quán)力對鐵路行業(yè)的嚴(yán)格控制，嚴(yán)重制約了我國鐵路行業(yè)引入競爭的進(jìn)程。因此需要改革現(xiàn)有規(guī)制體系，構(gòu)建獨(dú)立規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)，完善規(guī)制制度，為我國鐵路行業(yè)引入競爭提供健全的制度保障。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory holds that due to the characteristics of the natural monopoly and publicity of the railway industry, it is necessary to adopt the mode of monopoly management in the railway industry. In the early stage of railway industry development, monopoly management is really helpful to realize the scale economic benefit of railway industry. However, with the development of market economy, the malpractice of monopoly management is becoming more and more prominent, even leading to the difficulty of railway industry. In order to get rid of the predicament caused by monopoly, we have to consider introducing competition and loosening regulation in railway industry. The main developed countries in the West, in solving the difficulties of their railway industry, distinguish the railway network business from the transportation business according to their national conditions, carry out competitive reform in the railway industry, and gradually relax the regulation of the competition business. China's railway industry has tried several internal reforms in the past few decades, but the previous reforms have not touched the regulation and management system of the integration of government and enterprises. Under the system of government and enterprise integration regulation and management, the roles of regulatory agencies and market operators are mixed, which leads to the strict control of the railway industry by the administrative power, which seriously restricts the process of introducing competition into the railway industry in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the existing regulatory system, construct independent regulatory institutions, improve the regulatory system, and provide a sound institutional guarantee for the introduction of competition in China's railway industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.296;F532

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