本文選題：政府特許經(jīng)營 + 公用事業(yè)��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國將出租車行業(yè)定位為公用事業(yè),采用政府管制的方法,以政府特許經(jīng)營為基本管制手段,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)出租車經(jīng)營的管制,如控制出租車準(zhǔn)入數(shù)量、提高出租車服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其根本目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的優(yōu)化配置。但是我國出租車經(jīng)營管理體制中也存在諸多問題,亟待改革,主要表現(xiàn)為政府特許經(jīng)營管理體制使政府手中掌握的權(quán)力過大,導(dǎo)致政府管制異化為行政壟斷,使管理者與出租車企業(yè)結(jié)成利益同盟；單一化的經(jīng)營模式導(dǎo)致出租車司機(jī)只能接受出租車企業(yè)的盤剝,極易產(chǎn)生罷運(yùn)現(xiàn)象；嚴(yán)格的政府管制使得進(jìn)入市場經(jīng)營的出租車數(shù)量受到極大的限制,拒載現(xiàn)象和打車難的現(xiàn)象較為普遍。 加快出租車經(jīng)營管理體制改革,目的是解決出租車經(jīng)營中政府權(quán)力配置過大、利益配置失衡和資源配置低效等一系列問題,最終目的是保障消費(fèi)者利益。我國一些城市已經(jīng)開展了出租車經(jīng)營管理體制的改革,但是收效甚微,其根本原因是政府在出租車經(jīng)營管理體制的運(yùn)行中放權(quán)不夠,導(dǎo)致出租車經(jīng)營管理體制中的基本矛盾依然存在。從域外出租車經(jīng)營管理體制的比較來看,域外一般采用多元化的經(jīng)營管理體制,以實(shí)現(xiàn)各方利益的平衡,政府對(duì)出租車行業(yè)的管制是域外出租車經(jīng)營管理體制的核心內(nèi)容,但是其程度相對(duì)較松,出租車司機(jī)可以選擇不同的經(jīng)營業(yè)態(tài)以滿足其選擇權(quán),并保護(hù)其合法權(quán)益。公眾參與、民主監(jiān)督等也可以使域外出租車經(jīng)營管理體制能夠受到有效監(jiān)督,避免政府在出租車經(jīng)營管理體制中以不合理的管制手段維持其部門利益。我國在出租車經(jīng)營.管理體制改革中可以參考借鑒域外出租車經(jīng)營管理體制中的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),在出租車經(jīng)營管理體制改革中借鑒域外做法。 在我國出租車經(jīng)營管理體制在具體的改革措施中,可以保留現(xiàn)有的政府特許經(jīng)營管理體制,但是應(yīng)加快推動(dòng)如下改革措施：第一,應(yīng)采用多元化的經(jīng)營方式,允許個(gè)體化經(jīng)營與公司化經(jīng)營并存,從而打破出租車公司對(duì)出租車經(jīng)營市場的壟斷,避免政府部門與出租車公司結(jié)成利益同盟；第二,政府在特許經(jīng)’營牌照發(fā)放的過程中應(yīng)以公眾參與、民主監(jiān)督等方式削除部門利益,出租車市場準(zhǔn)入的數(shù)量、服務(wù)的質(zhì)量、出租車服務(wù)的費(fèi)用等均應(yīng)以行政聽證的方式付諸公議；第三,政府對(duì)出租車行業(yè)的管理應(yīng)以間接管理為主,發(fā)揮出租車協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)出租車市場的管理。相信通過這些措施,能夠有效地革除我國出租車經(jīng)營管理體制中的痼疾,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)各方利益的調(diào)和。
[Abstract]:In our country, the taxi industry is defined as a public utility, and the method of government regulation is adopted, and the government franchise is taken as the basic means of control, so as to realize the regulation of taxi operation, such as controlling the number of taxi admission and raising the taxi service standard. Its fundamental purpose is to achieve the optimal allocation of resources. However, there are many problems in the management system of taxi management in our country, which need to be reformed urgently. The main manifestation is that the government has too much power in the hands of the government because of the franchise management system, which leads to the alienation of the government control into an administrative monopoly. Make managers and taxi enterprises form an alliance of interests, the single management mode leads to taxi drivers can only accept the exploitation of taxi enterprises, easy to produce the phenomenon of strike; Strict government control limits the number of taxis entering the market. The purpose of speeding up the reform of taxi management system is to solve a series of problems, such as excessive allocation of government power, imbalance of benefit allocation and inefficient allocation of resources, etc. The ultimate purpose is to protect the interests of consumers. Some cities in our country have carried out the reform of the taxi management system, but the effect has been very little. The fundamental reason is that the government has not delegated power enough in the operation of the taxi management system. Leading to the taxi management system in the basic contradictions still exist. From the comparison of the overseas taxi operation and management system, the foreign countries generally adopt the diversified management system to achieve the balance of the interests of all parties. The government regulation of the taxi industry is the core content of the extraterritorial taxi management system. But the degree is relatively loose, taxi drivers can choose different business to meet their options and protect their legitimate rights and interests. Public participation, democratic supervision and so on can also make the taxi management system in foreign countries be subject to effective supervision, and avoid the government maintaining its departmental interests by unreasonable means of control in the taxi operation and management system. Our country operates in taxis. In the reform of management system, we can refer to the successful experience in the management system of taxi outside the country, and draw lessons from the overseas practice in the reform of the management system of taxi operation and management. In China's taxi management system, we can retain the existing government franchise management system in the specific reform measures, but we should speed up the following reform measures: first, we should adopt a diversified mode of operation. To allow the coexistence of individualized operation and corporatization, thus breaking the monopoly of taxi companies on the taxi business market and avoiding the formation of interest alliances between government departments and taxi companies; second, In the process of granting the licence, the government should remove the interests of the sector, the quantity of taxi market access and the quality of service by means of public participation, democratic supervision, etc. The cost of taxi service should be discussed in the form of administrative hearing. Third, the management of taxi industry by the government should be based on indirect management and give play to the management of taxi market by taxi association. It is believed that through these measures, we can effectively eliminate the chronic malady in the taxi management system of our country, and finally realize the reconciliation of the interests of all parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F572

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