本文選題：北京市　切入點：出租車市場　出處：《沈陽師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，對于出租車行業(yè)內(nèi)部存在的問題成為各方議論的焦點，各地頻繁的出租車罷運事件、司機的低收入與出租車公司的高額份子錢、非正規(guī)出租車充斥市場以及高峰時段和雨雪天氣打車難，都成為輿論和廣大民眾議論的焦點。對于如何破解這些問題，各地都采取了相應的措施，如對出租車起步價的調(diào)整、增加打車的燃油附加費以及對出租車司機給予燃油補貼等等，然而效果似乎并不顯著。而北京作為首都城市，尤其受到關(guān)注。 2013年初，中央電視臺新聞聯(lián)播節(jié)目和焦點訪談欄目相繼對北京市出租車行業(yè)存在的問題進行了報道，同時也對產(chǎn)生問題的原因進行了分析，，似乎根源在于行業(yè)壟斷，如何破除壟斷才是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。觀點雖然正確，但并不全面。出租車行業(yè)問題的產(chǎn)生并不是短時間積累所致，而是經(jīng)過了建國初期到改革開放，再到現(xiàn)今為止長時間所積淀下來的。因此，要解決這一長期遺留下來的問題，不僅要從現(xiàn)存的問題入手，還要搞清楚問題的根源，不僅要治標，還要治本。2013年的5月23日，北京市發(fā)改委舉辦了出租車調(diào)價聽證會，認為出租車行業(yè)主要存在兩個問題：第一，出租車服務能力不能滿足城市發(fā)展需要。第二，出租車行業(yè)對駕駛員的吸引力下降。而后政府公布了漲價的方案，方案雖然短時間內(nèi)改善了出租車司機的低收入狀況，但是對消費者而言是否合理卻有待探討。同時，對于廣被聲討的出租車公司高額份子錢問題卻沒有出臺相關(guān)解決方案，著實令司機及消費者費解。 隨著國家大力發(fā)展市場經(jīng)濟，北京市出租車行業(yè)也迅速發(fā)展起來，但是數(shù)量的快速增長對市場的正常運行產(chǎn)生了影響，為此，政府管理部門開始介入出租車行業(yè)的經(jīng)營管理。管制主要有四個方面，即數(shù)量管制、質(zhì)量管制、價格管制以及準入管制。伴隨著數(shù)量管制政策的引入，政府又加大了推行公司制的步伐，逐步通過各種行政政策使經(jīng)營牌照歸屬到出租車公司名下。但也正是由于政府管制措施實施的不合理，才產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)階段北京市出租車行業(yè)的各種問題。 本文將結(jié)合規(guī)制經(jīng)濟學相關(guān)理論，針對北京市政府對出租車行業(yè)的管制進行研究，分析管制的產(chǎn)生原因以及效果，同時對效果不理想的措施提出相關(guān)整改意見。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems existing in the taxi industry have become the focus of discussion from all sides. Frequent taxi strike incidents, drivers' low income and the high cost of taxi companies have become the focus of discussion.Informal taxi flooding the market, as well as rush hours and rain and snow weather taxi hailing, have become the focus of public opinion and the general public.Some measures have been taken to solve these problems, such as adjusting the starting price of taxi, increasing the fuel surcharge of taxi and giving fuel subsidy to taxi driver. However, the effect is not obvious.Beijing, as the capital city, is especially concerned.At the beginning of 2013, CCTV news joint broadcast programs and focus interview columns reported on the problems existing in the taxi industry in Beijing one after another. At the same time, they also analyzed the causes of the problems. It seems that the root cause of the problems lies in the monopoly of the industry.How to break down monopoly is the key to solve the problem.The view, though correct, is not comprehensive.The problem of taxi industry is not caused by the accumulation of short time, but by the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the reform and opening up, and now the accumulation of a long time.Therefore, in order to solve this long-standing problem, we must not only start with the existing problems, but also find out the root causes, not only the symptoms, but also the root causes. On May 23, 2013, the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission held a taxi fare adjustment hearing.There are two main problems in taxi industry: first, taxi service capacity can not meet the needs of urban development.Second, the taxi industry is less attractive to drivers.The government then announced a plan to raise prices, which would improve taxi drivers' low incomes in a short period of time, but whether it would be reasonable for consumers to do so remains to be seen.At the same time, drivers and consumers have been baffled by the lack of a solution to the problem of highly professed taxi companies.With the great development of the market economy, the taxi industry in Beijing has developed rapidly, but the rapid growth of the number has had an impact on the normal operation of the market. Therefore, the government management department has begun to intervene in the management of the taxi industry.There are four main aspects of regulation, namely quantity control, quality control, price control and access control.With the introduction of quantity control policy, the government has stepped up the pace of the implementation of the corporate system, gradually through a variety of administrative policies to make the business license to the name of the taxi company.However, it is because of the unreasonable implementation of government control measures that the problems of the taxi industry in Beijing at the present stage have arisen.Based on the relevant theories of regulation economics, this paper studies the regulation of taxi industry by Beijing government, analyzes the reasons and effects of regulation, and puts forward some suggestions on the measures which are not satisfactory.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F572.6

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本文編號：1710209