本文選題：上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：企業(yè)經(jīng)營效率　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)作為海洋運(yùn)輸重要載體,為我國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展,鞏固我國在世界貿(mào)易中的大國地位提供了有力保證。自中國2001年入世以來,我國航運(yùn)企業(yè)發(fā)展踏上了一個(gè)新的里程碑,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)2001年全年進(jìn)出口總額5090.5億美元,其中出口額為2661億美元,進(jìn)口額為2435.5億美元；2008年全年進(jìn)出口總額為25616億美元,其中出口額為14285億美元,進(jìn)口額為11331億美元。我國對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展增長速度連續(xù)7年保持在17%以上,進(jìn)出口總額增長了5.02倍,2008年在世界貿(mào)易總額中居于第三位。但受2008年金融危機(jī)的影響,我國上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)陷入周期性低谷,并連續(xù)虧損,屢創(chuàng)新低。 本文根據(jù)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的相關(guān)理論,構(gòu)造出我國上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)的發(fā)展環(huán)境模型,總結(jié)了一下我國上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)存在的問題,運(yùn)用DEA分析法選取營業(yè)成本、總資產(chǎn)、員工數(shù)作為投入指標(biāo),營業(yè)收入、固定資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率作為產(chǎn)出指標(biāo),對(duì)我國2002年之前上市的15家上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)在2002-2011年期間的經(jīng)營效率進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),然后在此基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用DEA-Tobit二階段分析法,選取企業(yè)性質(zhì)、企業(yè)規(guī)模、企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境、企業(yè)人力資本、企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率、企業(yè)股權(quán)集中度六個(gè)指標(biāo)作為影響企業(yè)經(jīng)營效率的影響因素,進(jìn)行回歸分析,并結(jié)合國際上著名的航運(yùn)業(yè)巨頭馬士基航運(yùn)公司和地中海航運(yùn)公司的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn),為我國航運(yùn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營決策者提供可靠的依據(jù),為今后航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展指明方向。 本文通過研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過改革開放幾十年的發(fā)展,我國的航運(yùn)企業(yè)已經(jīng)得到了長足的進(jìn)步,已經(jīng)躋身到世界的前列,但是相比國際知名的航運(yùn)企業(yè)——馬士基航運(yùn)公司和地中行航運(yùn)公司仍有很大差距。自2008年金融危機(jī)以來,航運(yùn)企業(yè)一直是慘淡經(jīng)營,雖然技術(shù)、政策等方面不斷進(jìn)步與完善,但我國的上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)近幾年仍然沒有起色,目前來說面臨的問題主要有靈活性和多樣性較差,營銷手段單一,不能真正走出本土,人才結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等,這些問題的存在加上全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的低迷,導(dǎo)致了上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)普遍呈現(xiàn)出運(yùn)力過剩的狀態(tài),運(yùn)力的過剩很大程度上說明我國上市航運(yùn)處于企業(yè)低效率運(yùn)營狀態(tài)。通過實(shí)證分析我們可以清楚的了解到,我國上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)目前的技術(shù)效率為0.868,屬于中等水平,純技術(shù)效率值為0.939,屬于中上水平,規(guī)模效率為0.923,也處于中上水平�？傮w來說水平不是很高,有待加強(qiáng)。根據(jù)得出的效率值,我們又繼續(xù)探討影響航運(yùn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營效率的因素,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,人力資本,股權(quán)集中度與航運(yùn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營效率成正相關(guān)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)。而資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率與航運(yùn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營呈負(fù)相關(guān),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)降低。最后本文通過對(duì)環(huán)境,及企業(yè)自身問題的分析,提出應(yīng)該從加強(qiáng)碼頭合作,發(fā)展綜合物流,擴(kuò)大投融資渠道,積極發(fā)展船隊(duì)等方面著手,努力使我國上市航運(yùn)企業(yè)成為世界一流航運(yùn)企業(yè),做全球航運(yùn)企業(yè)的航母。
[Abstract]:As an important carrier of marine transportation, listed shipping enterprises have provided a strong guarantee for the development of China's foreign trade and the consolidation of our country's position as a major country in world trade. The development of Chinese shipping enterprises has set a new milestone. According to statistics, the total volume of imports and exports in 2001 was US $509.05 billion, of which the export value was US $266.1 billion and the import value was US $243.55 billion, and in 2008 the total value of imports and exports was US $2.5616 trillion. Of this amount, the export value is 1.4285 trillion US dollars and the import value is 1.1331 trillion dollars.The growth rate of China's foreign trade has been maintained at more than 17 percent for the seventh consecutive year. The total volume of import and export increased 5.02 times, ranking the third in the total world trade in 2008. However, under the influence of the 2008 financial crisis, the listed shipping enterprises of our country have fallen into a cyclical trough, and have been losing money continuously, setting new lows again and again. According to the theory of enterprise competition, this paper constructs the development environment model of listed shipping enterprises in China, summarizes the existing problems of listed shipping enterprises in China, and selects the operating cost and total assets by using DEA analysis method. This paper evaluates the operating efficiency of 15 listed shipping enterprises listed before 2002 as input index, operating income, fixed assets turnover rate as output index, as input index, operating income and turnover rate of fixed assets as output indicators, and the operating efficiency of 15 listed shipping enterprises listed before 2002 is evaluated. Then, by using DEA-Tobit two-stage analysis, we choose the nature of the enterprise, the scale of the enterprise, the economic environment of the enterprise, the human capital of the enterprise, the ratio of assets and liabilities of the enterprise. The six indexes of enterprise equity concentration are used as the influencing factors of enterprise operation efficiency, and the regression analysis is carried out, and the development experience of Maersk Line Shipping Company and Mediterranean Shipping Company is combined with the development experience of Maersk Line Shipping Company and Mediterranean Shipping Company, which are famous shipping giants in the world. It provides reliable basis for the decision makers of shipping enterprises in our country, and points out the direction for the development of shipping industry in the future. Through research and analysis, this paper finds that after decades of reform and opening up, the shipping enterprises of our country have made great progress and have been among the forefront of the world. However, there is still a big gap between Maersk Line, a well-known international shipping company, and Bank of China Shipping Company. Since the 2008 financial crisis, shipping companies have been suffering from poor operation, although technology, policies, and other aspects have been continuously improved and improved. However, the listed shipping enterprises in our country have not improved in recent years. At present, the main problems they face are the poor flexibility and diversity, the single marketing means, the inability to really go out of the country, the unreasonable talent structure, etc. The existence of these problems, coupled with the downturn in the global economy, has led to a state of overcapacity for listed shipping enterprises. The excess capacity largely indicates that the listed shipping industry in China is in a state of inefficient operation. Through empirical analysis, we can clearly understand that the current technical efficiency of listed shipping enterprises in China is 0.868, which belongs to the medium level. The pure technical efficiency value is 0.939, which belongs to the middle and upper level, and the scale efficiency is 0.923, which is also in the middle and upper level. Generally speaking, the level is not very high and needs to be strengthened. According to the efficiency value, we continue to explore the factors that affect the management efficiency of shipping enterprises. We find that the macroeconomic environment, human capital and equity concentration have a positive correlation with the operating efficiency of shipping enterprises, which should be strengthened, while the asset-liability ratio has a negative correlation with the operation of shipping enterprises. Finally, through the analysis of the environment and the enterprises' own problems, this paper puts forward that we should start from the aspects of strengthening the cooperation of the wharf, developing the comprehensive logistics, expanding the channels of investment and financing, and actively developing the fleet, etc. Try to make our listed shipping enterprises become the world first-class shipping enterprises and become the carriers of the global shipping enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F552.6;F272

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