論出租車(chē)行業(yè)政府管制的完善
本文選題:出租車(chē)行業(yè) 切入點(diǎn):政府管制 出處:《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文 論文類(lèi)型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,出租車(chē)行業(yè)在城市客運(yùn)交通系統(tǒng)中所占的位置越來(lái)越重要,成為城市的一道“流動(dòng)風(fēng)景線”,也是城市文明的象征。出租車(chē)不僅成為城市交通不可或缺的組成部分,還為人們的出行提供了新的選擇,也提供了極大的便捷。與此同時(shí),出租車(chē)行業(yè)在迅速發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,逐漸暴露出一些矛盾和問(wèn)題,特別是近幾年來(lái),全國(guó)各地的罷運(yùn)事件和群體上訪事件的增多,揭開(kāi)了出租車(chē)行業(yè)困局面紗的一角,,反應(yīng)出政府管制中的諸多不完善的地方,引起社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注,也讓公眾對(duì)管制政策產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。目前,政府對(duì)出租車(chē)行業(yè)的管制不僅沒(méi)有增加社會(huì)的福利,反而使出租車(chē)企業(yè)取得了壟斷地位,獲取暴利,出租車(chē)司機(jī)的利益卻得不到保障,也導(dǎo)致了政府的尋租行為。同時(shí),“黑車(chē)”的屢禁不止,也給出租車(chē)行業(yè)帶來(lái)不穩(wěn)定的因素。 本文運(yùn)用實(shí)證分析、文本分析、理論分析的方法,以政府管制的基本理論為出發(fā)點(diǎn),闡述政府管制的內(nèi)涵和特征,介紹政府管制的公共利益理論、管制俘獲理論及激勵(lì)性管制理論,證明對(duì)出租車(chē)行業(yè)管制有其必要性。綜合分析現(xiàn)有的出租車(chē)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,從出租車(chē)行業(yè)政府的管制體制、管制內(nèi)容及管制的發(fā)展中發(fā)現(xiàn)政府在出租車(chē)行業(yè)管制中存在著諸多問(wèn)題,如出租車(chē)企業(yè)壟斷經(jīng)營(yíng)、司機(jī)利益受損、運(yùn)價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、權(quán)力尋租、“黑車(chē)”泛濫等。有效解決這些問(wèn)題需認(rèn)識(shí)到出租車(chē)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的設(shè)置不應(yīng)基于特別許可,而需向一般許可回歸。為完善出租車(chē)行業(yè)的政府管制,首先需要完善法律體系,盡快清理現(xiàn)有的出租車(chē)管理法律法規(guī),制定新的出租車(chē)管理辦法,依法規(guī)范各地出租車(chē)的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理行為。其次,要選擇符合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,允許個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者進(jìn)入市場(chǎng),從制度上給予個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者同等的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入機(jī)會(huì)。再次,要合理控制出租車(chē)的投放數(shù)量,放松數(shù)量管制,并多元發(fā)展管制手段,向服務(wù)型政府過(guò)渡。最后,要完善政府對(duì)出租車(chē)行業(yè)的監(jiān)管機(jī)制,增強(qiáng)執(zhí)法的透明度,充分考慮各方利益,為準(zhǔn)入制度的制定和調(diào)整提供參考。在完善出租車(chē)行業(yè)管制的道路上,仍然會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的難題,政府的工作任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the improvement of people's living standard, taxi industry plays an increasingly important role in the urban passenger transport system. As a "mobile landscape" and a symbol of urban civilization, taxis not only become an integral part of urban transportation, but also provide a new choice and great convenience for people to travel. In the course of the rapid development of the taxi industry, some contradictions and problems have been gradually exposed. In particular, in recent years, the increase in strikes and group petitions across the country has opened a corner of the difficult situation of the taxi industry. Reflecting the many imperfections in government regulation, it has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life in the society, and has also made the public question about the regulatory policy. At present, the government's regulation of the taxi industry has not only failed to increase social welfare, On the contrary, taxi enterprises have gained monopoly status and profiteering, but the interests of taxi drivers can not be protected, which also leads to the rent-seeking behavior of the government. At the same time, the repeated prohibition of "black cars" has also brought instability factors to the taxi industry. This paper uses the methods of empirical analysis, text analysis and theoretical analysis, taking the basic theory of government regulation as the starting point, expounds the connotation and characteristics of government regulation, and introduces the theory of public interest of government regulation. The theory of control and capture and the theory of incentive regulation prove that it is necessary to regulate the taxi industry. In the development of the regulation content and regulation, it is found that the government has many problems in the taxi industry regulation, such as the monopolization of taxi enterprises, the loss of drivers' interests, and the unreasonable structure of fares. To solve these problems effectively, we should realize that the establishment of taxi management right should not be based on special permission, but should be returned to the general license. In order to perfect the government regulation of taxi industry, we must first improve the legal system. Clean up the existing taxi management laws and regulations as soon as possible, formulate new taxi management methods, and standardize the operation and management behavior of local taxis according to law. Secondly, we should choose a business model that conforms to the actual local conditions and allow self-employed operators to enter the market. Thirdly, the number of taxis should be controlled reasonably, the quantity control should be relaxed, and the control measures should be developed in order to make a transition to a service-oriented government. It is necessary to improve the government's regulatory mechanism for the taxi industry, enhance the transparency of law enforcement, fully consider the interests of all parties, and provide a reference for the formulation and adjustment of the admission system. There will still be problems, and the government has a long way to go.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:F572
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