本文選題：出租車出行路徑　切入點(diǎn)：最可盈利路徑　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：出租車是城市公共交通的重要組成,是以巴士、地鐵、輕軌為主的大規(guī)�？瓦\(yùn)交通的合理補(bǔ)充。建立一個(gè)基于可靠信息的、科學(xué)合理的路徑規(guī)劃方法,對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)出租車行業(yè)乃至城市整體的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展都具有重要意義。出租車的移動(dòng)信息容易獲取,其流動(dòng)情況能夠反映城市的道路交通動(dòng)態(tài),因此出租車軌跡數(shù)據(jù)常用作浮動(dòng)車數(shù)據(jù)源以實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)智能交通服務(wù)。 本文采用上海市四大出租車服務(wù)公司2009年在1天24小時(shí)內(nèi)采集的1萬(wàn)多臺(tái)車的GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù),研究探索出租車最可盈利路徑提取問題。文章首先對(duì)GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了符合分析需要的預(yù)處理,包括坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換,OD矩陣提取,提出一種準(zhǔn)確性和可操作性上表現(xiàn)良好的最小距離和多項(xiàng)式擬合相結(jié)合的地圖匹配算法,探討了路徑規(guī)劃的典型算法迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法,進(jìn)一步對(duì)其改進(jìn)以求解最短路徑,為后續(xù)最可盈利路徑的分析統(tǒng)計(jì)提供指標(biāo)和計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)。隨后,論文從以下兩方面展開建模和算法研究： 第一,利用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬,重建當(dāng)天出租車服務(wù)的時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài),根據(jù)提取的出租車出行OD矩陣和與上海市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)GIS圖層位置配準(zhǔn)GPS軌跡行程進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義屬性轉(zhuǎn)換和基于路網(wǎng)的出租車時(shí)空信息屬性提取,并劃分時(shí)段對(duì)其進(jìn)行運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)空特性分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了基于位置的出租車空載巡游路線模型,用以分析如何提高出租車?yán)寐?降低出租車運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。 第二,在出租車運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量方面,搜集實(shí)際的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式和運(yùn)作價(jià)格表作為建模基礎(chǔ),并通過(guò)搭乘出租收集實(shí)際費(fèi)用情況和路況檢驗(yàn)校正模型參數(shù),為盈利度建模整合影響因子,同時(shí)考慮行程路線長(zhǎng)度和行程盈利因素,完成基于最可盈利原則的出租車路線實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)模型,并從歷史數(shù)據(jù)中抽取三條不同時(shí)長(zhǎng)的行程,與模擬路線進(jìn)行了理論上的對(duì)比分析。 論文各章內(nèi)容如下： 第一章,分析研究背景和意義,并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外出租車尤其是本文的研究重點(diǎn)相關(guān)研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行評(píng)述,提出本文的研究目標(biāo)和研究?jī)?nèi)容,確定論文結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章,介紹城市智能交通系統(tǒng)及其相關(guān)技術(shù),包括車輛定位技術(shù)和地理信息系統(tǒng)等,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討出租車運(yùn)營(yíng)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)和理論基礎(chǔ)。 第三章,闡述模型建立的數(shù)據(jù)采集和預(yù)處理步驟,對(duì)研究的相關(guān)技術(shù)——大地坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換、GPS定位誤差模型、道路投影方式、地圖匹配等技術(shù)進(jìn)行探討,并進(jìn)行優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)。 第四章,主要介紹模型的算法實(shí)現(xiàn)流程及其實(shí)例應(yīng)用。首先進(jìn)行基于路網(wǎng)的城市出租車運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)空特性分析,然后按照道路出行強(qiáng)度建立出租車空載巡游路線模型；之后分析出租車的運(yùn)營(yíng)特征,提出盈利核算模型,同時(shí)探討Dijkstra算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,完成基于最可盈利原則的出租車路線模型。 第五章,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)和展望,回顧論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究過(guò)程,指出論文的創(chuàng)新和不足,提出有待繼續(xù)研究的工作。
[Abstract]:Taxi is an important component of urban public transportation, and it is a reasonable supplement to large scale passenger traffic, which is mainly bus, subway and light rail. A scientific and reasonable route planning method based on reliable information is established. It is of great significance to realize the sustainable and healthy development of taxi industry and the city as a whole. The mobile information of taxi is easy to obtain, and its flow can reflect the dynamic of urban road traffic. Therefore, taxi track data is often used as a floating vehicle data source to achieve real-time intelligent transportation services. In this paper, the GPS track data of more than 10,000 vehicles collected in 2009 by four major taxi service companies in Shanghai within 24 hours a day are used. In this paper, the problem of extracting the most profitable path of taxi is studied. Firstly, the GPS trajectory data are preprocessed to meet the needs of analysis, including the OD matrix extraction of coordinate transformation. A map matching algorithm combining minimum distance and polynomial fitting with good accuracy and maneuverability is proposed. The typical algorithm of path planning, Dijkstraan Dijkstraan algorithm, is discussed and further improved to solve the shortest path. This paper provides indicators and measurement data for the following analysis and statistics of the most profitable path. Then, this paper starts the modeling and algorithm research from the following two aspects:. First, using computer simulation to reconstruct the space-time dynamics of taxi services on that day. According to the extracted OD matrix of taxi trip and the location registration of GPS path with GIS layer of Shanghai traffic network, semantic attribute transformation and spatio-temporal information attribute extraction of taxi based on road network are carried out. On the basis of this, a location-based taxi no-load cruise route model is established to analyze how to improve the taxi utilization rate and reduce the taxi operating cost. Second, in the aspect of econometrics of taxi operation, collect the actual operation mode and operating price list as the modeling basis, and collect the actual cost and road condition check model parameters through the taxi rental. In order to model the profit degree, integrate the influencing factors, consider the route length and the profit factor, complete the real-time forecast model of taxi route based on the most profitable principle, and extract three different length trips from the historical data. A theoretical comparison with the simulated route is carried out. The chapters of the thesis are as follows:. The first chapter analyzes the background and significance of the research, and reviews the research progress of domestic and foreign taxis, especially in this paper, puts forward the research objectives and contents of this paper, and determines the structure of the paper. The second chapter introduces the urban intelligent transportation system and its related technologies, including vehicle positioning technology and geographic information system, and discusses the data basis and theoretical basis of taxi operation system. In the third chapter, the data acquisition and preprocessing steps of model establishment are described. The GPS positioning error model of geodetic coordinate transformation, road projection mode, map matching and so on are discussed, and the optimization experiments are carried out. Chapter 4th mainly introduces the algorithm realization flow of the model and its application. Firstly, it analyzes the space-time characteristic of urban taxi operation based on road network, and then establishes the taxi no-load cruise route model according to the intensity of road trip. After analyzing the characteristics of taxi operation, a profit accounting model is put forward, and the implementation method of Dijkstra algorithm is discussed to complete the taxi route model based on the most profitable principle. Chapter 5th summarizes and prospects the full text, reviews the research content and process of the thesis, points out the innovation and deficiency of the thesis, and puts forward the work to be continued.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：U491;F572.88

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