本文選題：高速鐵路　切入點：競爭定價　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快,人們的出行需求越來越高。高速鐵路作為一種新興的運輸方式,憑借其快速、安全、舒適、便捷等特點在客運市場中迅速崛起,加劇了客運市場的競爭。本文以高速鐵路快速發(fā)展帶來的激烈競爭為研究背景,認(rèn)為價格因素是決定一種運輸方式市場競爭力的核心手段。制定合理的票價是保持高速鐵路系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定與促進(jìn)其健康發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。積極研究高速鐵路票價的定價策略,從理論與實踐上探討票價制定的過程,具有特別重要的意義。 本文以多種運輸方式票價的市場化決定機(jī)制為前提,通過分析高鐵的競爭主體,建立基于市場競爭條件的票價優(yōu)化模型,并找到理想的算法求出不同階段高速鐵路最優(yōu)價格,為解決高鐵定價問題提供一種新的嘗試。 首先從運輸價格的一般定義及特點切入,分析高速鐵路的產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成及價格影響因素,對常用的定價理論進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),為下文的定價研究作理論基礎(chǔ)。通過與主要高鐵國家對比分析,借鑒已有的成功經(jīng)驗并找出我國目前存在的問題。 然后針對高速鐵路的市場競爭力進(jìn)行了研究,本文從高速鐵路技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢與旅客出行選擇行為兩方面切入,結(jié)合旅客出行過程分析影響出行方式選擇的因素,找出高速鐵路相比其它運輸方式的優(yōu)勢方面。根據(jù)運輸供給因素和旅客自身因素建立基于服務(wù)特性的效用函數(shù)模型,將各種影響因素分成費用測度指標(biāo)與影響系數(shù)指標(biāo)。通過Logit模型的計算,找出不同運輸距離條件下高速鐵路的競爭主體,結(jié)合具體算例進(jìn)行驗證。 在對旅客票價與客運收入、運量之間關(guān)系研究的基礎(chǔ)上,兼顧鐵路運輸企業(yè)與旅客兩方面利益,建立雙層規(guī)劃模型描述票價制定問題。其中上層規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)函數(shù)根據(jù)高鐵發(fā)展的兩個階段建立對應(yīng)的兩種形式,下層規(guī)劃建立受費用影響的彈性需求配流模型,通過增設(shè)多余需求路段的網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖變換方法轉(zhuǎn)化為固定需求問題。將改進(jìn)后的粒子群算法與雙層規(guī)劃問題相結(jié)合,建立基于改進(jìn)粒子群的雙層迭代算法,通過上、下層反復(fù)迭代逐次逼近全局最優(yōu)解。 最后提出了一些高鐵定價的相關(guān)建議。通過成渝高鐵實例分析驗證了論文理論方法的可行性,并求出成渝高鐵不同發(fā)展階段最優(yōu)票價。
[Abstract]:With the quickening pace of life, people's travel demand is higher and higher. High-speed railway, as a new mode of transportation, with its characteristics of speed, safety, comfort, convenience and so on, is rising rapidly in the passenger transport market. This paper takes the fierce competition brought by the rapid development of high-speed railway as the research background. It is considered that the price factor is the core means to determine the market competitiveness of a mode of transportation. The key to maintain the stability of the high-speed railway system and promote its healthy development is to make a reasonable fare. The pricing strategy of the high-speed railway ticket price is studied actively. It is of great significance to discuss the process of fare making in theory and practice. On the premise of the market-oriented decision mechanism of various modes of transportation, this paper analyzes the main body of high speed railway competition, establishes the optimization model of ticket price based on market competition conditions, and finds out the ideal algorithm to find out the optimal price of high-speed railway in different stages. It provides a new attempt to solve the problem of high-speed rail pricing. First of all, from the general definition and characteristics of transport price, this paper analyzes the product composition and price influence factors of high-speed railway, and summarizes the common pricing theory. Through the comparison and analysis with the main high-speed rail countries, we can draw lessons from the existing successful experience and find out the existing problems in our country. Then the market competitiveness of high-speed railway is studied. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the choice of travel mode from the two aspects of high-speed railway's technical and economic advantages and passenger travel choice behavior combined with passenger travel process. To find out the advantages of high-speed railway compared with other modes of transportation. According to the factors of transport supply and passenger itself, the utility function model based on service characteristics is established. The influence factors are divided into cost measure index and influence coefficient index. Through the calculation of Logit model, the main competitors of high-speed railway under different transportation distance conditions are found out, and verified by a concrete example. On the basis of the study of the relationship between passenger ticket price and passenger transport revenue and volume, the interests of railway transport enterprises and passengers are taken into account. A bilevel programming model is established to describe the pricing problem, in which the objective function of the upper level programming is based on the two stages of the high-speed rail development, and the lower level programming establishes the elastic demand distribution model affected by the cost. The network graph transformation method of adding redundant demand sections is transformed into a fixed demand problem. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is combined with the bilevel programming problem to establish a two-level iterative algorithm based on the improved particle swarm optimization. The global optimal solution is approximated by successive iterations at the lower level. Finally, some suggestions on high-speed railway pricing are put forward, and the feasibility of the theoretical method is verified by analyzing the example of Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway, and the optimal ticket price of Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway at different stages of development is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U238;F532

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