本文選題：客運(yùn)專線　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)力資源　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2013年以來,隨著寧杭、杭甬、盤營客運(yùn)專線的相繼開通,客運(yùn)專線新增運(yùn)營里程1107公里,中國客運(yùn)專線總里程達(dá)到11028公里,“四縱”干線基本成型,客貨分線勢在必行,這必將極大緩解運(yùn)能與需求之間的矛盾。主要繁忙干線實現(xiàn)客貨分線,“人便其行、貨暢其流”的目標(biāo)將成為現(xiàn)實。這對提高鐵路運(yùn)輸能力和安全性、提高運(yùn)輸效率、提高客貨運(yùn)輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量都有著重要的意義。 但是中國鐵路運(yùn)力資源從總體上看相對短缺的問題在一個很長的時間內(nèi)依然嚴(yán)重。研究先進(jìn)的、有效的、適合我國鐵路客貨分線新模式下的客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)力資源優(yōu)化配置機(jī)制,使管理效應(yīng)倍增,實現(xiàn)鐵路運(yùn)輸組織水平、投資回報能力、鐵路盈利能力、運(yùn)輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量的顯著提高進(jìn)而最終達(dá)到充分利用客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)力資源,這是中國鐵路建設(shè)大發(fā)展的同時亟待研究的一個重要的課題。 本研究以鐵道部項目《鐵路運(yùn)輸通道運(yùn)力資源配置模型研究》為依托,圍繞客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)力資源優(yōu)化配置這一研究主題,綜述了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,采用了優(yōu)化理論、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法、系統(tǒng)建模、定性與定量分析相結(jié)合等研究方法,構(gòu)建了客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)力資源優(yōu)化配置的理論體系。從固定設(shè)施、客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)輸組織相關(guān)資源、旅客列車開行方案三方面來研究客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)力資源優(yōu)化配置問題。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)在客運(yùn)專線固定設(shè)施優(yōu)化方面,重點(diǎn)研究客運(yùn)專線客運(yùn)站層次優(yōu)化,從客運(yùn)站數(shù)據(jù)中提取一些客觀的指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),利用本文提出的基于自組織神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)SOM(Self-Organizing Map)和k-means的聚類算法將客運(yùn)專線中的客運(yùn)站劃分成不同層次。過程是首先使用SOM對客運(yùn)站數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行初步分類,得到數(shù)據(jù)對應(yīng)的BMU(Best Matching Unit);然后使用DBI(Davies-Bouldin Index)指數(shù)確定聚類個數(shù)k值；最后使用k-means算法對BMU進(jìn)行精確分類,得到客運(yùn)站的層次劃分結(jié)果。另外,還分別對客運(yùn)專線線路通過能力和客運(yùn)專線客運(yùn)站能力進(jìn)行研究。 (2)在客運(yùn)專線運(yùn)輸組織相關(guān)資源優(yōu)化方面,分別對客票定價優(yōu)化、開行時刻優(yōu)化和旅客時間花費(fèi)優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。以客運(yùn)專線旅客出行費(fèi)用最小和鐵路企業(yè)總收益最大為目標(biāo),以客運(yùn)站始發(fā)能力、客運(yùn)站終到能力、載客能力等為約束建立了客運(yùn)專線客票定價優(yōu)化模型。在研究開行時刻優(yōu)化時,對列車的出發(fā)時刻進(jìn)行計算來判斷開行時刻是否合理。在分析旅客旅行時間組成的基礎(chǔ)上,以客運(yùn)專線旅客旅行時間花費(fèi)最小為目標(biāo),以停站次數(shù)、線路能力、列車開行數(shù)目為約束建立了客運(yùn)專線旅客旅行時問花費(fèi)優(yōu)化模型。 (3)在客運(yùn)專線旅客列車開行方案優(yōu)化方面,以前面的研究成果為基礎(chǔ),分別研究開行方案的模型、求解算法和算例。首先,以旅客利益為中心,同時考慮鐵路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)利益,建立了客運(yùn)專線列車開行方案的多目標(biāo)雙層規(guī)劃模型。其次,設(shè)計了客運(yùn)專線列車開行方案優(yōu)化模型的遺傳算法求解過程。最后,以京滬客運(yùn)專線為例進(jìn)行仿真實驗,得出京滬客運(yùn)專線旅客列車開行方案。在研究已有文獻(xiàn)中有關(guān)旅客列車開行方案評價體系的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種旅客列車開行方案的評價指標(biāo)體系,包括定性指標(biāo)和定量指標(biāo)兩類,并應(yīng)用該指標(biāo)體系對仿真實驗得到的京滬客運(yùn)專線旅客列車開行方案與現(xiàn)行實際開行方案做了對比分析。
[Abstract]:Since 2013, with the Nanjing Hangzhou, Ningbo, pan Ying passenger line opened, the new passenger dedicated railway operating mileage of 1107 kilometers, China passenger total mileage of 11028 kilometers, "P" trunk basic shape, both traditional and imperative, it will greatly ease the contradiction between transportation and demand. The main busy trunk unloading points, "who has the necessary goal, will become a reality. To improve the railway transport capacity and safety, improve transport efficiency, is of great significance to improve passenger transport service quality.
But China railway transportation resources from the overall perspective of the relative shortage still remains a serious problem in a very long time. The research of advanced, effective, suitable for passenger transport resources optimization allocation mechanism a new mode of China's railway passenger and freight line under the management effect of doubling, realize the organization level of railway transport capacity, investment returns railway, profitability, significantly enhance the transport service quality and to make full use of passenger transport resources, this is the development of China railway construction is an important and urgent research topic.
Based on the project of the Ministry of Railways "of railway transport capacity allocation model based on > around this topic, optimize the allocation of resources and capacity of passenger line, summarizes the research status at home and abroad, using the optimization theory, neural network method, system modeling, the research method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, constructed optimization theory the system configuration of the passenger transport resources. From the fixed facilities, the transportation organization resources, passenger train plan three aspects to study on optimal allocation of passenger capacity resources. The main contents are as follows:
(1) in the passenger dedicated line fixed facilities optimization, research station level and optimize the passenger focus, extracting some objective index data from the passenger station data, the proposed based on self-organizing neural network SOM (Self-Organizing Map) clustering algorithm and K-means will be divided into different levels of passenger dedicated railway passenger station. Is the first to use SOM for a preliminary classification of passenger station data, get data corresponding to the BMU (Best Matching Unit); and then use the DBI (Davies-Bouldin Index) to determine the number of clustering index k value; finally use the k-means algorithm to accurately classify BMU, get the passenger station classification results. In addition, each of the passenger dedicated line the carrying capacity and passenger station capacity was studied.
(2) in the transportation organization related resources optimization, respectively on the ticket pricing optimization, time optimization and operation time were studied. The optimization of passenger cost to passenger travel cost minimum and maximum gross income of railway enterprises as the goal, to the passenger station originating passenger station to the end of the ability, ability, capacity constraints such as the establishment of the passenger ticket pricing optimization model. In the research on train schedule optimization, the departure time of the train running time calculation to determine whether it is reasonable. Based on analyzing the composition of passenger travel time, the passenger special line of passenger travel time cost minimum as the goal, with the number of stops, line capacity, train number cost optimization the model established passenger travel restrictions.
(3) in the passenger train operation scheme optimization, based on the previous studies, study the operation scheme of the model, algorithm and examples. First of all, in the interests of tourists as the center, taking the railway transport enterprise interests, and establish a multi-objective bi level programming model of passenger train operation plan. Secondly, the process of genetic algorithm is designed for dedicated passenger traffic lines optimization model. Finally, the Beijing Shanghai passenger dedicated line simulation, the Beijing Shanghai passenger dedicated line passenger train operation scheme evaluation system. Based on the existing literature on the passenger train, a passenger train plan evaluation the index system includes qualitative and quantitative indicators of two categories, the operation scheme and the application of the index system for the simulation of Beijing Shanghai passenger train and now A contrastive analysis of the actual opening plan was made.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F532;F224

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