本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速鐵路 客運(yùn) 票價(jià)　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鐵路客運(yùn)在我國長(zhǎng)途客運(yùn)中占據(jù)了非常重要的地位，高速鐵路是衡量一個(gè)國家鐵路現(xiàn)代化程度的重要標(biāo)志。列車運(yùn)行速度的提高有利于提高鐵路客運(yùn)企業(yè)的服務(wù)水平和與其他運(yùn)輸方式的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。高速鐵路是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展到一定階段時(shí)對(duì)鐵路發(fā)展的必然要求，高速鐵路客運(yùn)更是與人民出行息息相關(guān)。在線路運(yùn)營(yíng)中最大的問題就是票價(jià)與運(yùn)營(yíng)速度的制定。在制定旅客票價(jià)時(shí)，若考慮到建設(shè)高鐵時(shí)的巨大投資，這就要求票價(jià)不能太低，否則企業(yè)效益得不到保障;若考慮市場(chǎng)需求則就要求票價(jià)不能太高，否則超出人們?nèi)罕姷某惺苣芰Γ土髁坎蛔�，企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與社會(huì)效益也就沒法實(shí)現(xiàn)，因而制定票價(jià)既不能過高也不能過低，應(yīng)當(dāng)在一個(gè)合適的范圍內(nèi)。列車提速關(guān)系到新建鐵路或舊線路的改造、機(jī)車車輛技術(shù)水平的提高、管理水平的提高和安全等多項(xiàng)因素。高鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)部門既要使運(yùn)行速度面對(duì)其他運(yùn)輸方式更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，又要保證線路安全，二者關(guān)系密切。 在考慮了國外高鐵的營(yíng)銷現(xiàn)狀后，本文首先分析了傳統(tǒng)的票價(jià)定價(jià)方法與影響因素，進(jìn)行了國內(nèi)鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用計(jì)算理論分析和現(xiàn)有運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用計(jì)算方法的分析。然后剖析了高速鐵路的各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征，對(duì)高速鐵路運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品及運(yùn)價(jià)特點(diǎn)做了概述，對(duì)既有鐵路定價(jià)體系和高速鐵路票價(jià)制定影響因素進(jìn)行了分析。在對(duì)票價(jià)這一研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行分析后，，又對(duì)不同的高鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)速度目標(biāo)值作用于運(yùn)輸成本的影響進(jìn)行了分析。設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)營(yíng)速度的不同對(duì)于對(duì)線路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、工程設(shè)備、工程投資、機(jī)車車輛投資、固定資產(chǎn)基本折舊費(fèi)、固定設(shè)備維修費(fèi)、及行車量有關(guān)運(yùn)營(yíng)支出的影響是不同的，本文對(duì)此做了分析和評(píng)價(jià)。接著依據(jù)Wardrop均衡配流原理對(duì)多種運(yùn)輸方式進(jìn)行了分析，在高鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)希望效益最大化與旅客希望廣義出行費(fèi)用最低這一對(duì)矛盾之間，引入雙層規(guī)劃模型，最后使用微分進(jìn)化算法來求解雙層規(guī)劃模型所提出的函數(shù)，這就為制訂合理的運(yùn)營(yíng)票價(jià)提供了有效的方法。
[Abstract]:Railway passenger transport occupies a very important position in China's long-distance passenger transport. High speed railway is an important symbol to measure the degree of railway modernization in a country. The improvement of train speed is conducive to improving the service level of railway passenger transport enterprises and the competitiveness of other modes of transport. High speed railway is our country. The inevitable demand for railway development when economic and social development reaches a certain stage, High-speed railway passenger transport is also closely related to people's travel. The biggest problem in line operation is the determination of fares and operating speed. In determining passenger fares, if you take into account the huge investment in the construction of high-speed rail, this requires that fares should not be too low. Otherwise, the benefit of the enterprise cannot be guaranteed; if the market demand is taken into account, the ticket price must not be too high, otherwise, it is beyond the affordability of the people, the passenger flow is insufficient, and the economic and social benefits of the enterprise will not be realized. Therefore, the formulation of ticket prices should not be too high or too low, and should be within a suitable range. The speed increase of trains is related to the transformation of new railways or old lines, and the improvement of the technical level of locomotives and rolling stock. The operation department of high-speed railway should not only make the operation speed more competitive in the face of other modes of transportation, but also ensure the safety of the line, which is closely related to each other. After considering the current marketing situation of foreign high-speed rail, this paper first analyzes the traditional pricing methods and influencing factors. The theoretical analysis of domestic railway operating expenses and the analysis of existing operating cost calculation methods are carried out. Then, the economic characteristics of high-speed railway are analyzed, and the characteristics of high-speed railway transport products and freight rates are summarized. This paper analyzes the influence factors of the existing railway pricing system and the high speed railway fare. The influence of different target value of high-speed railway operation speed on transportation cost is analyzed. The difference of design operation speed is applied to line standard, engineering equipment, project investment, locomotive and rolling stock investment, basic depreciation cost of fixed assets. The influence of fixed equipment maintenance fee and traffic volume on operating expenses is different. This paper makes an analysis and evaluation of this. Then, according to the principle of Wardrop equilibrium flow allocation, the paper analyzes various transportation modes. In this paper, a bilevel programming model is introduced between the contradiction between the maximization of profit and the minimum travel cost of passengers. Finally, the function proposed by the bilevel programming model is solved by using differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA). This provides an effective method for formulating reasonable operating fares.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F532.5

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本文編號(hào)：1527720