本文關(guān)鍵詞： 危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸 成本度量 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本 成本控制　出處：《煙臺(tái)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)的發(fā)展,危險(xiǎn)品市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),但是與市場(chǎng)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大形成鮮明對(duì)比的是設(shè)施、制度等各方面的不健全,這導(dǎo)致近些年我國(guó)危險(xiǎn)品事故率不斷上升,給生命財(cái)產(chǎn)及環(huán)境安全帶來了極大的隱患。出現(xiàn)這些問題的原因是多方面的,由于危險(xiǎn)品的特殊性和公路運(yùn)輸?shù)谋憷?危險(xiǎn)品通過公路進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸?shù)谋壤鹉晏岣?事故率也逐年提高,對(duì)運(yùn)輸線周邊群眾構(gòu)成極大威脅,一定程度上講,運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本實(shí)際上也是運(yùn)輸成本的一部分,不斷提高的運(yùn)輸成本也對(duì)危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的發(fā)展提出了挑戰(zhàn)。在本文的研究中將運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本作為交易成本的一部分納入運(yùn)輸成本的考慮范圍,并著重進(jìn)行分析和研究,首先,分析了影響危險(xiǎn)品公路運(yùn)輸成本的主要因素。其次,將主要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素作為因子納入到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本度量的模型當(dāng)中,建立了危險(xiǎn)品公路運(yùn)輸成本的度量模型。再次,用模擬的算例進(jìn)行不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子之間對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本的影響程度進(jìn)行對(duì)比,并就人口密度、交通自由流速度及交通密度三個(gè)因子,分析了同一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子數(shù)值變化對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本的影響程度,得出了三個(gè)基本結(jié)論:(1)我國(guó)高速公路車距最低不小于50米的規(guī)定得到了本文研究結(jié)論的驗(yàn)證,在這個(gè)車距下危險(xiǎn)品公路運(yùn)輸?shù)娜藛T風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本值最小,是最佳車流密度;車流密度小于最佳車流密度時(shí),車輛撞擊力大,危險(xiǎn)品泄漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大導(dǎo)致高人員風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本;車流密度大于最佳車流密度時(shí),暴露在危險(xiǎn)品泄漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的人數(shù)增多導(dǎo)致高運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本。(2)當(dāng)人口密度較小時(shí),自由流速度對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本影響較大,成正相關(guān)關(guān)系;當(dāng)人口密度較大時(shí),自由流速度對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本的影響比較微弱。(3)當(dāng)自由流速度較小時(shí),人口密度對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本的作用力較小;當(dāng)自由流速度較大時(shí),人口密度與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本成正相關(guān)關(guān)系,人口密度越大,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本值也越大,而且隨著交通密度的增大,這種相關(guān)關(guān)系越明顯。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry in our country, the dangerous goods market is showing a trend of constant expansion, but in sharp contrast to the market scale, facilities, systems and other aspects are not perfect. This has led to an increasing accident rate of dangerous goods in China in recent years, which has brought great hidden dangers to life, property and environmental safety. The reasons for these problems are various, due to the particularity of dangerous goods and the convenience of road transportation. The proportion of dangerous goods transported by road is increasing year by year, and the accident rate is also increasing year by year, which poses a great threat to the masses around the transport line. To a certain extent, the transportation risk cost is actually also part of the transportation cost. The increasing transportation cost also challenges the development of the dangerous goods transportation industry. In the research of this paper, the risk cost of transport is taken into account as a part of the transaction cost, and the analysis and research are emphasized. Secondly, the main risk factors are included in the model of risk cost measurement, and the measurement model of dangerous goods road transportation cost is established. The influence of different risk factors on risk cost is compared with the simulated examples, and three factors, population density, free flow speed and traffic density, are compared. This paper analyzes the influence of the same risk factor on the risk cost, and draws three basic conclusions: 1) the minimum distance of expressway in China is not less than 50 meters, which is verified by the conclusion of this paper. At this distance, the personnel risk cost of dangerous goods transportation by road is the smallest, which is the best vehicle flow density. When the vehicle flow density is less than the optimal vehicle flow density, the impact force of the vehicle will be large, and the risk of dangerous goods leakage will lead to high personnel risk cost. When the vehicle flow density is larger than the optimal vehicle flow density, the increase in the number of people exposed to the risk of dangerous goods leakage results in high transport risk cost. 2) when the population density is small, the free flow velocity has a greater impact on the risk cost, which has a positive correlation. When population density is high, the effect of free flow velocity on risk cost is weak. 3) when free flow velocity is small, the force of population density on risk cost is smaller; when free flow velocity is larger, The population density has a positive correlation with the risk cost, and the higher the population density, the greater the risk cost value, and the more obvious the correlation is with the increase of traffic density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺(tái)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F542;F540.58

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