本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速鐵路 票價(jià) 客運(yùn)通道 博弈論 廣義費(fèi)用　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大規(guī)模的高速鐵路的建設(shè),不但可以緩解我國長期存在的鐵路運(yùn)量與運(yùn)能之間的矛盾,滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的多元化出行需求。同時(shí)可以將鐵路貨運(yùn)和客運(yùn)分開運(yùn)行,進(jìn)而最大程度開發(fā)鐵路運(yùn)輸在貨運(yùn)上的潛能。目前,國家《鐵路中長期規(guī)劃》勾勒了全國“四縱四橫”的高速鐵路宏偉藍(lán)圖,高速鐵路將成為鐵路中長期網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的主要方向。 同時(shí),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)客運(yùn)通道內(nèi)多種交通方式并存,在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)下,高速鐵路、民航、長途巴士等交通方式為了吸引更多潛在客流量,獲取更大的運(yùn)營收益,不斷地改善硬件條件,提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量,相互之間競爭非常激烈。由于短期內(nèi)各種交通方式的硬件設(shè)施改善的空間范圍不大,因此“票價(jià)”這一環(huán)節(jié)成為了各交通方式運(yùn)營者考慮的重點(diǎn)。此外,由于我國高速鐵路處于起步發(fā)展階段,票價(jià)策略不完善,國內(nèi)一部分高速鐵路的旅客票價(jià)采用的是試運(yùn)營價(jià)的形式。正是在這樣的背景下,高速鐵路旅客票價(jià)優(yōu)化調(diào)整被提上日程。 首先,本文分析了國內(nèi)外高速鐵路票價(jià)體系的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,重點(diǎn)介紹了日本、德國、法國這三個(gè)高速鐵路技術(shù)較為成熟國家的票價(jià)體系成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)；進(jìn)而分析了我國高速鐵路票價(jià)體系的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,介紹了我國高速鐵路票價(jià)體系及現(xiàn)行定價(jià)方式,總結(jié)了我國高速鐵路票價(jià)存在的問題；進(jìn)而對(duì)國內(nèi)外鐵路客票研究進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)綜述,了解目前學(xué)者們所探討的定價(jià)理論和方法。 其次,本文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的票價(jià)理論和約束因素進(jìn)行了分析,總結(jié)了傳統(tǒng)票價(jià)理論的適用性；從運(yùn)輸成本、市場需求、競爭因素、旅客出行特性和政府管制等幾個(gè)方面討論了高速鐵路票價(jià)制定時(shí)需要考慮的約束條件。 然后本文用博弈論的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)客運(yùn)通道內(nèi)高速鐵路票價(jià)制定博弈過程進(jìn)行了分析,介紹了非合作博弈的相關(guān)理論,對(duì)客運(yùn)通道內(nèi)有關(guān)高速鐵路票價(jià)制定的博弈類別、原理進(jìn)行了分析,并討論了票價(jià)對(duì)客運(yùn)量、收益的影響。 在前面分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文構(gòu)建了Logit模型,分析了高速鐵路客流市場占有率,并以Logit模型為前提構(gòu)建了基于高速鐵路和民航的票價(jià)非合作博弈模型,并設(shè)計(jì)了用于該模型求解的Lemke-Howson算法。 最后,本文以京滬客運(yùn)通道內(nèi)高速鐵路票價(jià)為例對(duì)研究成果進(jìn)行了必要分析。
[Abstract]:The large-scale construction of high-speed railway can not only alleviate the contradiction between the railway capacity and the railway capacity. At the same time, railway freight and passenger transport can be operated separately, thus maximizing the potential of railway transport in freight transport. The National medium and long term Railway Plan outlines the grand blueprint of "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway, which will become the main direction of railway network planning in the medium and long term. At the same time, it is not difficult to find a variety of transport modes co-exist in passenger transport channels, in the market economy, high-speed rail, civil aviation, long-distance buses and other modes of transport to attract more potential passenger traffic, to obtain greater operating income. Continuously improve the hardware conditions, improve the quality of service, the competition between each other is very fierce, because in the short term, there is not much space for the improvement of the hardware facilities of various modes of transportation. Therefore, the link of "ticket price" has become the focus of consideration for the operators of various modes of transportation. In addition, because the high-speed railway in our country is in the initial stage of development, the fare strategy is not perfect. The passenger fare of some high-speed railway in China is in the form of trial operating price. It is under this background that the optimization and adjustment of passenger ticket price of high-speed railway is put on the agenda. First of all, this paper analyzes the development of high-speed railway ticket system at home and abroad, focusing on the introduction of Japan, Germany, France, the three countries with more mature technology of the fare system successful experience; Then it analyzes the development status of China's high-speed railway fare system, introduces the high-speed railway fare system and the current pricing methods, summarizes the problems of China's high-speed railway ticket price. Then the domestic and foreign railway passenger ticket research literature review to understand the current scholars discussed pricing theory and methods. Secondly, this paper analyzes the traditional fare theory and its constraint factors, and summarizes the applicability of the traditional fare theory. From the aspects of transportation cost, market demand, competitive factors, passenger travel characteristics and government regulation, this paper discusses the constraints that should be considered in the formulation of high speed railway fares. Then this paper uses the game theory point of view to analyze the process of the high-speed railway ticket pricing game in the passenger transport channel, and introduces the related theory of non-cooperative game. This paper analyzes the game types and the principle of the high speed railway fare determination in the passenger transport channel, and discusses the influence of the ticket price on the passenger transport volume and income. On the basis of the previous analysis, this paper constructs the Logit model and analyzes the market share of high-speed railway passenger flow. On the premise of Logit model, the non-cooperative game model of ticket price based on high-speed railway and civil aviation is constructed, and the Lemke-Howson algorithm for solving the model is designed. Finally, this paper takes the ticket price of high-speed railway in Beijing-Shanghai passenger corridor as an example to analyze the research results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F532.5;F224.32

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