本文關(guān)鍵詞： 經(jīng)濟(jì)管制 美國(guó)鐵路 變遷 價(jià)格管制 市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入 我國(guó)鐵路　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前我國(guó)鐵路仍舊采取政企合一的經(jīng)營(yíng)與管制模式,鐵道部既是國(guó)務(wù)院直屬的國(guó)家行政部門(mén),又是市場(chǎng)主體,同時(shí)還扮演著管制監(jiān)督主體等多重角色。我國(guó)運(yùn)輸行業(yè)已進(jìn)入面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系的新階段,鐵路政企分不分暴露的問(wèn)題日益凸顯,政企分開(kāi)勢(shì)在必行。然而政企分開(kāi)后我國(guó)鐵路業(yè)的管制將何去何從?美國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展有近200年的歷史且對(duì)運(yùn)輸業(yè)的管制最早形成于美國(guó)鐵路,因此對(duì)美國(guó)鐵路經(jīng)濟(jì)管制進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)我國(guó)政企分開(kāi)后,政府行使對(duì)鐵路業(yè)的管制具有重要的理論與實(shí)踐意義。 本文在對(duì)政府管制理論的梳理和相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界定基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)交通部、美國(guó)地面運(yùn)輸委員會(huì)等網(wǎng)站及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)書(shū)籍上的資料、數(shù)據(jù)的查閱,對(duì)美國(guó)鐵路管制變遷做出總結(jié)；再?gòu)膬r(jià)格、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、退出等方面具體介紹美國(guó)現(xiàn)在鐵路管制如何實(shí)施；接下來(lái),運(yùn)用相關(guān)理論與模型,從多個(gè)角度對(duì)美國(guó)鐵路經(jīng)濟(jì)管制模式進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)；再針對(duì)我國(guó)鐵路管制的現(xiàn)狀與主要問(wèn)題,從美國(guó)的管制經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)比分析我國(guó)的情況,得出借鑒啟示。 美國(guó)鐵路的發(fā)展史也是美國(guó)鐵路管制改革的變遷史,美國(guó)現(xiàn)已形成了世界上最為發(fā)達(dá)的鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò),其鐵路管制法律體系完善、管制機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立高效。我國(guó)政企分開(kāi)后構(gòu)建建立適度有效的管制體系,須注重立法且保證管制機(jī)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立性,并在具體管制實(shí)施的時(shí)候注重對(duì)價(jià)格、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入等方面要借鑒美國(guó),要堅(jiān)持在保障公眾利益、保證鐵路企業(yè)獲得適當(dāng)利潤(rùn)與限制鐵路壟斷間尋找平衡的原則。
[Abstract]:At present, the railway in our country still adopts the management and control mode of the integration of government and enterprise. The Ministry of Railways is not only the administrative department of the State Council directly under the State Council, but also the main body of the market. China's transport industry has entered a new stage of building a modern comprehensive transportation system, and the problems of railway government and enterprises are increasingly exposed. It is imperative to separate government from enterprise. However, where will the regulation of railway industry go after the separation of government and enterprise? American railway development has a history of nearly 200 years and the regulation of the transportation industry was first formed in the United States railway, so the study of American railway economic regulation, after the separation of government and enterprises in China. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the government to exercise the regulation of the railway industry. On the basis of the definition of government regulation theory and related concepts, this paper looks up the information and data on the website of the US Department of Transportation, the United States Terrestrial Transportation Commission and other related literature books. To make the summary to the American railroad control change; Then from the price, market access, withdrawal and other aspects of the specific introduction of the current U. S. railway control how to implement; Then, by using relevant theories and models, this paper analyzes and summarizes the American railway economic regulation model from several angles. In view of the current situation and main problems of railway control in China, the author compares and analyzes the situation of our country from the control experience of the United States, and draws lessons from it. The history of the development of American railway is also the vicissitude of American railway regulation reform. The United States has now formed the most developed railway network in the world, and its railway control legal system is perfect. After the separation of government and enterprises, we must pay attention to legislation and ensure the independence of regulatory agencies, and pay attention to price when implementing specific control. Market access and other aspects should draw lessons from the United States and adhere to the principles of ensuring public interests, ensuring railway enterprises to obtain appropriate profits and restricting railway monopolies to find a balance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F532;F537.12

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