【摘要】：近年來不斷頻發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害給人類的生產(chǎn)和生活帶來難以磨滅的痛苦記憶,據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,地球進入地震、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害的多發(fā)期。為了應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害所造成的難以挽回的損失,各國都加緊重視對自然災(zāi)害的防治工作,以期做到災(zāi)害發(fā)生時的預(yù)防,增強人民的防災(zāi)治災(zāi)意識,提高人們在災(zāi)難發(fā)生時的自救能力,最大程度的減少人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失。日本同樣是一個自然災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國家,日本政府在對自然災(zāi)害的防治工作方面尤其重視。日本長期開展的防災(zāi)教育工作在日本自然災(zāi)害防治方面取得明顯的效果,對我國防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的開展有重要的借鑒作用。日本文部科學省于2012年頒布的《學校制定防災(zāi)指南的參考:以地震、海嘯為重心》更是為廣大學校結(jié)合當?shù)厍闆r和兒童的實際情況制定防災(zāi)手冊具有重要的參考意義。本研究包括五部分,日本國《學校制定防災(zāi)指南的參考:以地震、海嘯為重心》(以下簡稱“日本學校防災(zāi)指南”)出臺的背景及主體框架、核心內(nèi)容、在日本實施個案、特征評價、對我國的啟示。研究的重點在于結(jié)合“日本學校防災(zāi)指南”本身及其核心內(nèi)容,從理論與實踐層面進行深層次的分析研究,找出指南產(chǎn)生的實際效果。同時通過對指南的特征的評價,結(jié)合我國防災(zāi)救災(zāi)的實際情況及不足,尋找有效的參考與借鑒。在日本,“日本學校防災(zāi)指南”的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展是順應(yīng)防災(zāi)的結(jié)果,是基于因地制宜的原則,在對日本國內(nèi)的自然環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境、校內(nèi)情況、當?shù)厝宋那闆r等分析的基礎(chǔ)上,是研究學校防災(zāi)的注意點及評估體系的指南,對于應(yīng)對防災(zāi)各個階段的注意事項及解決措施都能起到很好的指導(dǎo)作用。通過對“日本學校防災(zāi)指南”的特點、可操作性及實施后所產(chǎn)生的價值以及其他國家學校防災(zāi)指南的比較研究,對我國學校在防災(zāi)教育的舉措,因地制宜的落實學校防災(zāi)教育的課程及實施措施,推動防災(zāi)教育的實施效果方面都有重要意義,能夠切實推動我國學校在防災(zāi)教育方向的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent natural disasters have brought indelible painful memory to the production and life of human beings. According to relevant statistics, the earth has entered a period of frequent natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. In order to respond to the irreparable losses caused by natural disasters, States have intensified their efforts to prevent and combat natural disasters, with a view to achieving prevention at the time of disasters and enhancing the awareness of the people in disaster prevention and management, Improve people's ability to help themselves when disasters occur, minimize casualties and property losses. Japan is also a country prone to natural disasters, and the Japanese government pays particular attention to the prevention and treatment of natural disasters. The long-term disaster prevention education in Japan has achieved obvious results in the prevention and control of natural disasters in Japan, which has an important reference role for the development of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. The guide for school disaster prevention issued by the Ministry of Education and Science in 2012: taking earthquake and tsunami as the center of gravity, is of great significance for schools to formulate disaster prevention manuals in light of local conditions and children's actual conditions. This research includes five parts, the reference of Japan's "guidelines for School disaster Prevention: the focus of earthquake and Tsunami" (hereinafter referred to as "Japanese School disaster Prevention Guide"), the background and main framework, the core content, the implementation of cases in Japan, Characteristic evaluation, the enlightenment to our country. The focus of this study is to analyze and study the disaster prevention guide of Japanese schools at a deep level from the theoretical and practical aspects, and find out the practical effect of the guide in combination with the "guide for disaster prevention in Japanese schools" and its core content. At the same time, through the evaluation of the characteristics of the guide, combined with the actual situation and shortcomings of disaster prevention and relief in China, the effective reference and reference are sought. In Japan, the emergence and development of the Guide to disaster Prevention in Japanese Schools is the result of disaster prevention. It is based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, and on the basis of an analysis of the natural environment, social environment, school conditions and local human conditions in Japan. It is a guide to study the attention points and evaluation system of school disaster prevention, which can play a good guiding role in dealing with the matters needing attention and solving measures in every stage of disaster prevention. Based on the comparative study of the characteristics, maneuverability and value of Japanese School disaster Prevention Guide, as well as the comparative study of other countries' school disaster prevention guidelines, the measures of Chinese schools in disaster prevention education are discussed. It is of great significance to carry out the curriculum and measures of school disaster prevention education according to local conditions and to promote the implementation effect of disaster prevention education, which can effectively promote the development of disaster prevention education in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G531.3

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