發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-09 14:21

  本文選題：明代福建學(xué)校教育 + 府州縣學(xué)　； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：明代福建學(xué)校教育承前啟后、既往開(kāi)來(lái),在福建教育發(fā)展史上占有十分重要的地位。有明一代,福建各府、州、縣普遍設(shè)學(xué),不論通都大邑還是山陬海隅,皆有學(xué)校之設(shè),福建地區(qū)文化教育事業(yè)的面貌煥然一新。建學(xué)后,各地官員、士紳、民眾等各種力量,始終有意愿,也有能力,關(guān)注學(xué)校修建工作,學(xué)校維護(hù)狀況總體良好。各地學(xué)校在前朝基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和完善,逐漸形成了集祭祀、學(xué)習(xí)、生活于體的設(shè)施完備、規(guī)模宏大的建筑群,基本滿足師生的各種需要,為士子專(zhuān)心讀書(shū)治學(xué)提供了極大的便利。明代,福建學(xué)校的管理體制進(jìn)一步完善。省一級(jí)設(shè)提學(xué)官一職,負(fù)責(zé)一省學(xué)政,標(biāo)志著明代地方教育管理的規(guī)范化和專(zhuān)門(mén)化。各學(xué)校的教官選任更加規(guī)范,教官數(shù)量充足,為明代福建學(xué)校教育的順利開(kāi)展提供了有力的保障。各學(xué)校的生員入學(xué)趨于規(guī)范和嚴(yán)格。明中后期,福建士子需通過(guò)“縣試、府試、提學(xué)試”三場(chǎng)考試,方可入學(xué)。士子考取生員,將獲得一定優(yōu)待,可通過(guò)各種貢途成為監(jiān)生,或通過(guò)科舉考試步入仕途。為保證教育質(zhì)量,明朝福建學(xué)政因地制宜,開(kāi)創(chuàng)性地推行“格眼總冊(cè)”、“門(mén)簿”等制度,取得良好效果。明代,福建學(xué)校高度重視生員的品行和學(xué)業(yè)。福建文廟祭祀制度日臻完備,在實(shí)現(xiàn)道德教育方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。各級(jí)學(xué)校主要講授儒家經(jīng)典,特別是程朱理學(xué),地位十分突出。各種考試名目繁多,其中,以提學(xué)官主持的歲考、科考最為重要,旨在分別確定生員的升降賞罰和鄉(xiāng)試資格。不過(guò),學(xué)校教育受科舉的負(fù)面影響越來(lái)越大,以至于逐漸淪為科舉的附庸。但無(wú)論如何,明代福建學(xué)校教育成就巨大,對(duì)福建地方社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了重要影響。不論是在文教水平的提升、人才的培養(yǎng),還是在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗的改善、地方文化的建設(shè)諸方面,莫不有積極的建樹(shù)�？梢哉f(shuō),明代福建學(xué)校教育在一定程度上塑造了地方社會(huì)的文化面貌,在福建教育發(fā)展史上留下了深刻的印記。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian school education played an important role in the history of Fujian education. In Ming Dynasty, Fujian prefectures, and counties generally set up schools, regardless of the general capital of Dayi or Chou Haiyu, there were schools, and the cultural and educational undertakings in Fujian took on a new look. After the establishment of the school, officials, gentry, people and other forces have always had the will and the ability to pay attention to the school construction work, the school maintenance situation is generally good. On the basis of the previous dynasties, local schools further developed and improved, gradually forming a comprehensive set of facilities for sacrifice, learning, and living in the body, a large-scale architectural complex, which basically met the needs of teachers and students. It provides great convenience for the scholar to concentrate on his study and study. In the Ming Dynasty, the management system of Fujian schools was further improved. At the provincial level, the post of promotion officer, responsible for a provincial school administration, marked the standardization and specialization of local education management in Ming Dynasty. The selection and appointment of instructors in each school is more standardized and the number of instructors is sufficient, which provides a strong guarantee for the smooth development of Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty. The enrollment of students in each school tends to be standardized and strict. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Fukien Shizi had to pass three examinations, county test, government test and academic test. Shizi admitted to a student, will be given some preferential treatment, through various tribute to become a prison student, or through the imperial examination to enter the official career. In order to ensure the quality of education, Fujian government in Ming Dynasty carried out the system of "general register of grid eyes" and "door book", and achieved good results. In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian schools attached great importance to the conduct and study of freshmen. The sacrificial system of Wenmiao in Fujian has become more and more perfect and has played an important role in the realization of moral education. Schools at all levels mainly teach Confucian classics, especially Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, the status is very prominent. There are many kinds of examinations, among which, the most important is the academic examination, which aims to determine the ascending and descending rewards and penalties of the students and the qualifications of the rural examination. However, school education was more and more negatively affected by the imperial examination, so that it gradually became the vassal of the imperial examination. However, the great achievements of Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty had an important influence on Fujian local society. No matter in the improvement of cultural and educational level, the cultivation of talents, the change of social structure, the improvement of social customs, and the construction of local culture, there have been positive achievements. It can be said that Fujian school education in Ming Dynasty, to a certain extent, shaped the cultural outlook of the local society and left a deep impression on the history of Fujian education development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G529

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 郭培貴;蔡惠茹;;論福建科舉在明代的領(lǐng)先地位及其成因[J];福建師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年06期

2 陳梧桐;;朱元璋推行鄉(xiāng)飲酒禮述論[J];北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年02期

3 李志堅(jiān);;朱元璋推行學(xué)校教化淺析[J];內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年05期

4 張學(xué)強(qiáng);郭文博;;明清地方儒學(xué)教師考核制度論略[J];西北師大學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年06期

5 郭培貴;;明代科舉的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)——官學(xué)教育的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及其經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)[J];中國(guó)文化研究;2009年02期

6 許瑩瑩;;明清時(shí)期莆田地區(qū)的捐資助學(xué)慈善活動(dòng)——以府學(xué)、縣學(xué)等傳統(tǒng)官學(xué)為考察中心[J];莆田學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2009年01期

7 張學(xué)強(qiáng);;教學(xué)內(nèi)外——明清地方儒學(xué)教師功能探析[J];河北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(教育科學(xué)版);2008年07期

8 董興艷;;“提調(diào)官”與明代地方教育管理體系[J];歷史教學(xué)(高校版);2007年11期

9 譚清宣;王麗瓊;霍敏;;試論明代地方學(xué)校的類(lèi)型及功能[J];重慶社會(huì)科學(xué);2007年11期

10 徐泓;;明代福建社會(huì)風(fēng)氣的變遷[J];浙江學(xué)刊;2007年05期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 姜士彬;;明清俗文化的傳播[A];明史研究第1輯[C];1991年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 周驚濤;海洋史視野下明清閩臺(tái)區(qū)域的教育發(fā)展與社會(huì)變遷[D];廈門(mén)大學(xué);2008年

2 王洪瑞;清代河南學(xué)校教育發(fā)展的時(shí)空差異與成因分析[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2007年

3 劉靜;走向民間生活的明代儒學(xué)教化研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2004年

4 秦海瀅;明代山東教化研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 肖書(shū)銘;明清時(shí)期福建官府刻書(shū)研究[D];福建師范大學(xué);2011年

2 余飛勇;生員與明代荒政[D];江西師范大學(xué);2011年

3 吳繼軍;明代學(xué)校教育及其功能的拓展[D];西南大學(xué);2009年

4 翁梯敏;明清時(shí)期福建沿海教育及其對(duì)區(qū)域社會(huì)的影響[D];福建師范大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2109645