【摘要】：德育是學(xué)校教育的重要組成部分，是其他各育存在的基礎(chǔ)和前提，在社會(huì)中起著不可忽視的作用。伴隨著全球化、多元化、市場(chǎng)化的到來(lái)，當(dāng)今的學(xué)校德育卻面臨著巨大的困境和嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，而德育的狀況直接反映國(guó)民的素質(zhì)，關(guān)乎民族的前途和社會(huì)的發(fā)展。因而，對(duì)目前的德育困境進(jìn)行表征，并找尋其存在的原因，提出有針對(duì)性的策略，是社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)的迫切需要，是推進(jìn)德育改革的題中之義。 本研究以文獻(xiàn)法為基礎(chǔ)，輔之以案例分析法和歷史分析法，把德育自身作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，力爭(zhēng)從中觀和微觀的角度對(duì)德育困境進(jìn)行深入分析，透視德育困境產(chǎn)生的自身原因，從而提出突破德育困境的方法策略。因而本文主要分為三個(gè)部分，解決四個(gè)問題，第一個(gè)問題是對(duì)德育困境存在性的判定，從理論和實(shí)踐的角度分別論證，以肯定我國(guó)德育存在困境；第二個(gè)問題主要是德育困境的表征，也是本文的第二部分，筆者得益于教育公平的劃分視角，將德育困境劃分為處境上的困境、過程上的困境和結(jié)果上的困境，并從當(dāng)今的德育狀況入手進(jìn)行歸類論述；第三個(gè)問題是德育困境的原因探尋，也是本文的關(guān)鍵部分，筆者針對(duì)目前對(duì)學(xué)校德育困境的探討都著眼于外在原因的狀況，立足于德育困境的三個(gè)表征，主要從德育地位、德育的價(jià)值取向、德育主體的迷失、德育與文化的分離、德育違背道德自身的性質(zhì)、思維德育與實(shí)踐德育的失衡以及德育體制等方面進(jìn)行歸因分析，并認(rèn)為只有探明德育困境的內(nèi)在原因，提出合理的措施，才能提高德育的實(shí)效性，走出德育困境；第四個(gè)問題是德育困境的對(duì)策研究，通過對(duì)德育困境自身原因的探尋，，筆者提出主要的五項(xiàng)措施，即合理審視德育的地位、價(jià)值取向切合實(shí)際、德育主體走向理性、以文化人并構(gòu)建文化型德育、平衡思維德育與實(shí)踐德育，力爭(zhēng)通過這些措施，為德育改革提供一些建議，以更好地指導(dǎo)德育實(shí)踐和教學(xué)。 最后，德育要走出困境，需要各行各業(yè)的共同努力。只有將德育內(nèi)在的努力與外在的條件進(jìn)行有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，整合好家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)三者在德育中的力量，我們的德育才能擁有美好的明天。
[Abstract]:Moral education is an important part of school education, is the basis and premise of other education, and plays an important role in society. With the advent of globalization, diversification and marketization, moral education in schools is facing great difficulties and severe challenges, and the situation of moral education directly reflects the quality of the people, which is related to the future of the nation and the development of the society. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization to characterize the current plight of moral education, to find out the reasons for its existence, and to put forward targeted strategies, which is the meaning of the reform of moral education. This study is based on the literature method, supplemented by case analysis and historical analysis, and takes moral education itself as the starting point, and tries to analyze the dilemma of moral education from the perspective of meso and micro, and to see through the causes of the predicament of moral education. Therefore, the method and strategy of breaking through the dilemma of moral education are put forward. So this paper is divided into three parts, to solve four problems, the first problem is to determine the existence of moral dilemma, from the perspective of theory and practice, respectively, in order to confirm the existence of the dilemma of moral education in China; The second problem is the representation of moral dilemma and the second part of this paper. The author divides the dilemma of moral education into the predicament in the situation, the dilemma in the process and the predicament in the result in the perspective of educational fairness. The third problem is to explore the reasons of moral dilemma, which is also the key part of this paper. The author focuses on the external reasons for the current discussion of the plight of moral education in schools. Based on the three representations of moral dilemma, it is mainly from the status of moral education, the value orientation of moral education, the loss of the subject of moral education, the separation of moral education and culture, and the violation of the nature of morality itself. This paper analyzes the imbalanced thinking and practical moral education and the moral education system, and points out that only by exploring the internal reasons of moral dilemma and putting forward reasonable measures, can the effectiveness of moral education be improved and the dilemma of moral education be out of the way. The fourth question is the countermeasure research of the moral education predicament. Through the exploration of the reason of the moral education predicament, the author puts forward five main measures, that is, to examine the status of moral education reasonably, the value orientation is in line with the reality, and the moral education subject moves towards the rationality. In order to provide some suggestions for the reform of moral education and to guide the practice and teaching of moral education, we should balance the moral education of thinking and practice with the intellectuals and construct the cultural moral education. Finally, moral education needs the joint efforts of various industries in order to get out of the predicament. Only by unifying the internal efforts of moral education with external conditions and integrating the strength of family, school and society in moral education, can our moral education have a bright future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G41

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