【摘要】：隨著大學(xué)擴(kuò)招的深入，我國(guó)的高等教育已進(jìn)入了大眾化階段，由于多方面因素的影響，目前我國(guó)高校畢業(yè)生面臨著巨大就業(yè)壓力，過(guò)度教育現(xiàn)象成為我們不得不面對(duì)的一個(gè)難題。 眾所周知，，美國(guó)的高等教育處于世界領(lǐng)先地位，但事實(shí)上上世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)高等教育也出現(xiàn)過(guò)度教育問(wèn)題，經(jīng)歷了大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的局面，在對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析并做出應(yīng)對(duì)后，過(guò)度教育得到明顯改善，高等教育又重新走上正確的軌道。本論文嘗試從20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)高等教育過(guò)度問(wèn)題著手，分析過(guò)度教育產(chǎn)生的背景，美國(guó)在解決該問(wèn)題時(shí)采取的措施，并深入分析我國(guó)的高等教育過(guò)度的現(xiàn)狀和特征以及背后的深層原因，以期對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的高等教育過(guò)度現(xiàn)象有所啟迪。 本論文主體部分由四部分構(gòu)成。 第一部分對(duì)過(guò)度教育理論進(jìn)行了綜述。主要從過(guò)度教育的理論解釋、類型分類和測(cè)量方法三個(gè)方面闡述了過(guò)度教育理論。 第二部分主要論述了20世紀(jì)七十年代美國(guó)過(guò)度教育的產(chǎn)生原因及相應(yīng)對(duì)策。分別從高等教育普及化、科技發(fā)展與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)三個(gè)角度來(lái)解釋70年代過(guò)度教育發(fā)生的具體原因，從就業(yè)政策和就業(yè)法規(guī)的制定、通識(shí)教育和應(yīng)用性職業(yè)教育的結(jié)合、完善就業(yè)指導(dǎo)體系、校企合作四個(gè)方面論述美國(guó)面對(duì)過(guò)度教育狀況采取的措施和產(chǎn)生的效果。 第三部分接著分析我國(guó)高等教育過(guò)度的現(xiàn)狀。首先分析了我國(guó)高等教育具有相對(duì)性過(guò)度、結(jié)構(gòu)性過(guò)度、長(zhǎng)期性過(guò)度三個(gè)主要特征；然后從中概括出經(jīng)濟(jì)水平限制、高等教育發(fā)展不合理、特殊制度環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)擇業(yè)觀念等深層原因；最后探討教育過(guò)度帶來(lái)的影響，包括降低個(gè)人收益、影響生產(chǎn)力、造成資源浪費(fèi)和誠(chéng)信危機(jī)、導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不安定等，闡明解決這一問(wèn)題的重要性和必要性。 第四部分基于前面的分析，結(jié)合我國(guó)具體國(guó)情，從發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、加大高等教育改革、消除制度性障礙、樹(shù)立正確的就業(yè)觀念幾個(gè)層面提出解決我國(guó)過(guò)度教育現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of university enrollment, the higher education in our country has entered the stage of popularization. Due to the influence of many factors, the graduates of colleges and universities in our country are facing great pressure of employment at present. The phenomenon of over-education has become a difficult problem we have to face. As we all know, higher education in the United States is in the leading position in the world, but in fact, in the 1970s, there were also problems of over-education in American higher education, and experienced the difficult situation of employment of college students. After analyzing and responding to this problem, Over-education has been significantly improved, higher education is back on the right track. This paper attempts to analyze the background of over-education and the measures taken by the United States to solve the problem from the point of view of the problem of over-education in the United States in the 1970s. It also deeply analyzes the present situation and characteristics of higher education in our country and the deep reasons behind it in order to enlighten the phenomenon of excessive higher education in our country at the present stage. The main part of this paper consists of four parts. The first part summarizes the theory of over-education. This paper expounds the theory of over-education from three aspects: theoretical explanation, classification and measurement. The second part mainly discusses the causes and countermeasures of American over-education in 1970's. From the three angles of popularization of higher education, development of science and technology, change of industrial structure and economic crisis, this paper explains the specific reasons for the occurrence of excessive education in the 1970s, from the formulation of employment policies and employment regulations. The combination of general education and applied vocational education, the improvement of employment guidance system, and the cooperation between schools and enterprises discuss the measures taken by the United States in the face of the situation of over-education and its effects. The third part analyzes the present situation of the excessive higher education in our country. Firstly, it analyzes the three main characteristics of higher education in China: relativity excess, structural excess and long-term excess. Then it generalizes the deep-seated reasons such as the restriction of economic level, unreasonable development of higher education, special institutional environment and traditional idea of choosing a job. Finally, this paper discusses the influence of excessive education, including reducing personal income, affecting productivity, causing waste of resources and crisis of honesty and credit, leading to social instability, etc., and clarifies the importance and necessity of solving this problem. The fourth part, based on the previous analysis and combined with the specific national conditions of our country, proposes to solve the phenomenon of over-education in our country from the aspects of developing economy, increasing the reform of higher education, removing institutional obstacles, and setting up a correct concept of employment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G649.1

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