高等教育入學(xué)機會的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-15 11:49
【摘要】：隨著我國改革開放政策地不斷深入,人民的生活水平不斷提高,城鄉(xiāng)差距也在日益拉大。我國基礎(chǔ)教育的城鄉(xiāng)二元發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)進一步加劇了城鄉(xiāng)子女在高等教育機會上的不均等。雖然我國高等教育已經(jīng)進入大眾化發(fā)展階段,農(nóng)村大學(xué)生總量也在不斷增加,但是農(nóng)村大學(xué)生在重點大學(xué)中所占比例卻在不斷下降,在非重點大學(xué)中所占比例不斷上升。隱藏在高等教育大眾化順利推進背后的是日益嚴重的高等教育入學(xué)機會的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡問題。要想削弱城鄉(xiāng)差距對高等教育機會的消極影響,最大限度的發(fā)揮高等教育在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會流動中的積極作用,進一步促進社會公平正義,必須從影響高等教育入學(xué)機會的諸因素著手,探索實現(xiàn)高等教育入學(xué)機會城鄉(xiāng)均衡發(fā)展的有效措施。 筆者認為當(dāng)前我國基礎(chǔ)教育的城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)與高等教育入學(xué)機會之間存在著互動關(guān)系。一方面,我國現(xiàn)行的基礎(chǔ)教育城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)影響著農(nóng)村子女的高等教育入學(xué)機會；另一方面,高等教育機會的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡又阻礙和固化了社會流動,阻礙著農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育發(fā)展。我國高等教育入學(xué)機會城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的原因主要體現(xiàn)在：第一,“效率優(yōu)先兼顧公平”的國家發(fā)展理念,使得我國在基礎(chǔ)教育投入上出現(xiàn)了“重城市輕農(nóng)村”的二元結(jié)構(gòu)。農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育資源極其匱乏而城市的重點學(xué)校卻掌握著絕大多數(shù)優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源,進而影響了農(nóng)村學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)教育質(zhì)量；第二,高考錄取制度中的“城市化”傾向進一步壓縮了農(nóng)村學(xué)生的重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機會；第三,現(xiàn)行高等教育的高昂的學(xué)費和低水平的資助模式使得很多貧困的農(nóng)村學(xué)生對重點大學(xué)的入學(xué)機會望而卻步；第四,大學(xué)生就業(yè)困難的現(xiàn)狀促發(fā)了農(nóng)村新一輪“讀書無用論”。 本研究認為要有效解決高等教育入學(xué)機會城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡問題,應(yīng)從政府教育政策和高等教育系統(tǒng)兩方面著手。一方面政府應(yīng)當(dāng)樹立正確的教育價值觀和發(fā)展觀,并統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)教育辦學(xué),給予城鄉(xiāng)子女同等質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)教育機會以擴大農(nóng)村學(xué)生在重點大學(xué)的比重；另一方面對于高等教育系統(tǒng)本身,可以通過完善高等教育錄取體制、收費一資助體制,同時政府制定相關(guān)政策保證農(nóng)村大學(xué)生就業(yè)不受戶籍歧視,從而加快實現(xiàn)我國高等教育入學(xué)機會城鄉(xiāng)均衡發(fā)展的目標。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up policy, the people's living standards are constantly improving, and the gap between urban and rural areas is widening day by day. The urban-rural dual development structure of basic education in China further aggravates the unequal opportunities of urban and rural children in higher education. Although China's higher education has entered the stage of popular development and the total number of rural college students is also increasing, the proportion of rural college students in key universities is decreasing and the proportion of non-key universities is increasing. Hidden behind the smooth progress of the popularization of higher education is the increasingly serious urban and rural structure imbalance of higher education entrance opportunities. In order to weaken the negative impact of the urban-rural gap on higher education opportunities, to maximize the positive role of higher education in economic development and social mobility, and to further promote social equity and justice, It is necessary to explore the effective measures to realize the balanced development of higher education entrance opportunities in urban and rural areas from the factors that affect the entrance opportunities of higher education. The author thinks that there is an interactive relationship between the urban-rural dual structure of basic education and the entrance opportunity of higher education. On the one hand, the current urban-rural dual structure of basic education in China affects the opportunities for rural children to enter higher education; On the other hand, the imbalance of urban and rural structure of higher education opportunities hinders and solidifies the social mobility and hinders the development of rural basic education. The reasons for the imbalance of urban-rural structure of higher education entrance opportunities in China are as follows: first, the national development concept of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness" has made the dual structure of "attaching importance to cities over rural areas" in the investment of basic education in our country. Rural basic education resources are extremely scarce, while urban key schools hold the vast majority of high-quality education resources, thus affecting the quality of rural students' basic education; Second, the "urbanization" tendency in the college entrance examination system has further compressed the key university entrance opportunities for rural students; Third, the high tuition fees and the low level of financial support of the existing higher education make many poor rural students' entrance opportunities to key universities to be deterred; Fourth, the current situation of college students' employment difficulties promotes a new round of "useless reading theory" in rural areas. In order to effectively solve the imbalance of urban and rural structure of higher education entrance opportunities, we should start from the two aspects of government education policy and higher education system. On the one hand, the government should set up correct educational values and development view, and develop basic education in urban and rural areas as a whole, and give equal quality opportunities to urban and rural children in order to expand the proportion of rural students in key universities; On the other hand, the higher education system itself can be improved by improving the admission system of higher education and charging a subsidy system. At the same time, the government formulates relevant policies to ensure that the employment of rural college students is not subject to household registration discrimination. So as to speed up the realization of China's higher education entrance opportunities urban and rural balanced development objectives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.2
本文編號：2440594
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up policy, the people's living standards are constantly improving, and the gap between urban and rural areas is widening day by day. The urban-rural dual development structure of basic education in China further aggravates the unequal opportunities of urban and rural children in higher education. Although China's higher education has entered the stage of popular development and the total number of rural college students is also increasing, the proportion of rural college students in key universities is decreasing and the proportion of non-key universities is increasing. Hidden behind the smooth progress of the popularization of higher education is the increasingly serious urban and rural structure imbalance of higher education entrance opportunities. In order to weaken the negative impact of the urban-rural gap on higher education opportunities, to maximize the positive role of higher education in economic development and social mobility, and to further promote social equity and justice, It is necessary to explore the effective measures to realize the balanced development of higher education entrance opportunities in urban and rural areas from the factors that affect the entrance opportunities of higher education. The author thinks that there is an interactive relationship between the urban-rural dual structure of basic education and the entrance opportunity of higher education. On the one hand, the current urban-rural dual structure of basic education in China affects the opportunities for rural children to enter higher education; On the other hand, the imbalance of urban and rural structure of higher education opportunities hinders and solidifies the social mobility and hinders the development of rural basic education. The reasons for the imbalance of urban-rural structure of higher education entrance opportunities in China are as follows: first, the national development concept of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness" has made the dual structure of "attaching importance to cities over rural areas" in the investment of basic education in our country. Rural basic education resources are extremely scarce, while urban key schools hold the vast majority of high-quality education resources, thus affecting the quality of rural students' basic education; Second, the "urbanization" tendency in the college entrance examination system has further compressed the key university entrance opportunities for rural students; Third, the high tuition fees and the low level of financial support of the existing higher education make many poor rural students' entrance opportunities to key universities to be deterred; Fourth, the current situation of college students' employment difficulties promotes a new round of "useless reading theory" in rural areas. In order to effectively solve the imbalance of urban and rural structure of higher education entrance opportunities, we should start from the two aspects of government education policy and higher education system. On the one hand, the government should set up correct educational values and development view, and develop basic education in urban and rural areas as a whole, and give equal quality opportunities to urban and rural children in order to expand the proportion of rural students in key universities; On the other hand, the higher education system itself can be improved by improving the admission system of higher education and charging a subsidy system. At the same time, the government formulates relevant policies to ensure that the employment of rural college students is not subject to household registration discrimination. So as to speed up the realization of China's higher education entrance opportunities urban and rural balanced development objectives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.2
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