本文選題：城市戶籍大學(xué)生 + 農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：有關(guān)大學(xué)生的就業(yè)難問題,現(xiàn)如今已成為一個社會熱門話題。自從1999年開始,國家允許高等院校擴(kuò)大招生,每年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的人數(shù)不斷上升。從其貢獻(xiàn)的角度看,降低讀大學(xué)的門檻,一定程度上有利于提高全民的整體素質(zhì),促進(jìn)社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。然而,隨著各高等院校的不斷擴(kuò)招,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所能提供的工作崗位的有限性,也帶來了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)困難的問題。關(guān)注和研究大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題的文獻(xiàn)和成果數(shù)量許多。研究此類問題不僅有利于幫助大學(xué)畢業(yè)生提高自身的就業(yè)能力,也有利于國家在發(fā)展高等教育和社會發(fā)展過程中,朝著健康、和諧、可持續(xù)的方向發(fā)展。 因此,本論文從城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)差異問題的視角進(jìn)行研究,從戶籍角度出發(fā)研究大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題。首先,本文就大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題進(jìn)行簡短闡述,其次通過調(diào)查問卷的數(shù)據(jù),對城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)的就業(yè)率、工資水平、就業(yè)看法、就業(yè)態(tài)度、職業(yè)類型和工作單位類型等方面進(jìn)行了對比。再次結(jié)合人力資本理論、社會資本理論和城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的視角進(jìn)行剖析。對影響城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)差異產(chǎn)生的因素進(jìn)行較為深入全面的探討.與以往國內(nèi)外研究中過多關(guān)注大學(xué)生的成長環(huán)境和教育環(huán)境的研究模式不同,本文的研究重點將從戶籍差異的角度出發(fā),將影響其就業(yè)的資本分解為“人力資本關(guān)系”和“社會資本關(guān)系”兩個層面,從城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生對兩種資本的占有和使用兩方面,及這些資本在城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)過程中的所起作用進(jìn)行探討。根據(jù)人力資本理論,認(rèn)為造成城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)差異的原因主要在于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生自身的努力和能力；根據(jù)社會資本理論,認(rèn)為造成城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)差異的原因主要在于大學(xué)生畢業(yè)生社會資本關(guān)系的占有、利用條件和能力的不同；根據(jù)城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的視角,認(rèn)為地域差異造成社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不平衡,對資源的占有和使用方面的差異影響到不同地域大學(xué)生畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)。最后,基于原因分析,分別從個人、家庭、高校、政府和各單位部門的角度提出了一些相應(yīng)的對策建議。 縮小城鄉(xiāng)戶籍大學(xué)生的就業(yè)差異還在于不同地域間社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的資源均衡調(diào)配,建立公平合理的信息機(jī)制以及科學(xué)適用的專業(yè)設(shè)置。
[Abstract]:The employment problem of college students has now become a hot topic in society. Since 1999, the state has allowed colleges and universities to expand their enrollment, increasing the number of college graduates each year. From the point of view of its contribution, lowering the threshold of university education is helpful to improve the whole quality of the whole people and promote the development of society and economy. However, with the continuous expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities, the limited number of jobs that can be provided by social and economic development has also brought about difficulties for college graduates in obtaining employment. There are many literatures and achievements about the employment of college students. The study of this kind of problems is not only helpful to help college graduates improve their employability, but also conducive to the healthy, harmonious and sustainable development of the country in the process of developing higher education and social development. Therefore, this paper studies the employment of college students from the perspective of urban and rural household registration differences, from the perspective of household registration. First of all, this paper briefly describes the employment of college students, and then through the data of questionnaire, the employment rate, wage level, employment attitude, employment attitude of urban and rural registered college students are discussed. The occupational type and the work unit type were compared. Thirdly, combining the theory of human capital, the theory of social capital and the dual structure of urban and rural areas. This paper makes a thorough and comprehensive discussion on the factors that affect the employment difference between urban and rural registered college students. Different from the previous researches at home and abroad, which pay too much attention to the growth environment and educational environment of college students, the research focus of this paper will be from the perspective of the difference of household registration. The capital that affects their employment is divided into two levels: "human capital relationship" and "social capital relationship", from the two aspects of possession and use of the two kinds of capital by urban and rural registered college students. And the role of these capital in the employment process of urban and rural registered college students. According to the theory of human capital, it is believed that the main reason for the difference in employment between urban and rural registered college students lies in the efforts and abilities of the graduates themselves, and according to the theory of social capital, It is believed that the main reasons for the difference in employment between urban and rural registered college students lie in the possession of social capital, the different utilization conditions and the different abilities of college graduates, according to the perspective of urban-rural dual structure. It is considered that regional differences cause imbalance in social and economic development, and differences in the possession and use of resources affect the employment of college graduates from different regions. Finally, based on the analysis of reasons, this paper puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the angle of individual, family, university, government and departments. To narrow the employment difference between urban and rural registered college students lies in the balanced allocation of social and economic development resources between different regions, the establishment of fair and reasonable information mechanism and the scientific and applicable professional setup.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38

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