本文選題：清教　切入點(diǎn)：哈佛學(xué)院　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代美國高等教育與宗教關(guān)系甚密，宗教在美國高等教育早期發(fā)展史上留下了深刻的烙印。在眾多的宗教中，對(duì)殖民地時(shí)期高等教育影響最大的當(dāng)屬清教。17世紀(jì)初期移居北美殖民地的清教徒非常重視教育，清教徒普及宗教理念、服務(wù)宗教使命、造就教會(huì)高級(jí)人才、培養(yǎng)牧師隊(duì)伍的理念催生了殖民地時(shí)期高等院校的誕生。 本文以受清教影響最大的哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院為例，重點(diǎn)闡述殖民地時(shí)期為實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)牧師的目標(biāo)，清教徒們從學(xué)院的創(chuàng)建、學(xué)院管理模式的構(gòu)成和學(xué)院教師的聘任和解雇、課程的設(shè)置等處處滲透著清教教義。通過對(duì)哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院具體案例的論述，試圖證明清教是北美殖民地高等教育發(fā)展的原動(dòng)力，至今對(duì)美國高等院校有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 本文由三個(gè)部分組成：導(dǎo)論、正文五章和結(jié)束語 導(dǎo)論主要闡述選題的意義、國內(nèi)外關(guān)于該課題的相關(guān)研究狀況。 第一章簡(jiǎn)要梳理了清教對(duì)北美殖民地的意義，清教徒熱衷北美殖民地高等教育建設(shè)的原因，清教中涉及北美殖民地時(shí)期高等教育的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 第二章主要分析了清教對(duì)哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院的建立的影響。為了培養(yǎng)清教牧師、傳播清教文化，清教徒創(chuàng)建了哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院；與此目的相適應(yīng)，哈佛和耶魯?shù)漠厴I(yè)生在殖民地時(shí)期有一半以上都成為清教牧師，承擔(dān)著傳播清教文化、弘揚(yáng)清教理念的重任。 第三章論述了清教對(duì)哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院管理機(jī)制的影響。清教的“平等、共治”思想促使哈佛和耶魯兩所學(xué)院形成的都是民主管理的模式，創(chuàng)建學(xué)院和掌握學(xué)院大權(quán)的人們是以清教牧師為核心的。無論哈佛的“雙院制”管理模式，還是耶魯采用的“一院制”管理模式，，這兩種管理模式形式雖然略有差別，但是實(shí)質(zhì)上都是在清教思想指導(dǎo)下形成的以民主共治為主要特征的管理模式。 第四章和第五章為本文主體。第四章著重探討了哈佛和耶魯兩所學(xué)院的院長聘任的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以案例分析的方式，論述哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院兩所院校都認(rèn)為擁有純潔的清教信仰是聘任院長的首要條件，若院長宣揚(yáng)其他異教思想就必須被審判和解雇。這是維持學(xué)院清教正統(tǒng)思想必須堅(jiān)持的原則。 第五章討論了在課程設(shè)置和學(xué)生管理上，哈佛學(xué)院和耶魯學(xué)院為了實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)清教牧師的目標(biāo)，設(shè)置了大量的神學(xué)課程和培養(yǎng)牧師辯論才能的課程；在學(xué)生管理上，學(xué)院嚴(yán)格按照清教徒教會(huì)內(nèi)部行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求學(xué)生。 結(jié)語部分對(duì)全文進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，指出清教思想在殖民地時(shí)期高等教育發(fā)展上占有重要的地位。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展演變，雖然學(xué)院的清教屬性逐漸減弱，世俗性逐漸加強(qiáng)，但是學(xué)院的管理模式和精神內(nèi)核卻深深打上了清教的烙印。
[Abstract]:The relationship between modern American higher education and religion is very close, and religion has left a deep imprint in the early history of American higher education. The Puritans who emigrated to North American colonies in the early 17th century attached great importance to education, popularizing religious ideas, serving religious missions, and bringing up high ecclesiastical talents. The idea of cultivating the ranks of priests gave birth to colleges and universities during the colonial period. Taking Harvard College and Yale College, which are the most affected by Puritanism, as an example, this paper focuses on the establishment of the Puritan College, the composition of the college management model and the employment and dismissal of faculty members in the colonial period in order to achieve the goal of cultivating pastors. By discussing the specific cases of Harvard College and Yale College, this paper tries to prove that Puritanism is the driving force of the development of higher education in the North American colonies, and has a profound influence on American colleges and universities. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, five chapters and concluding remarks. Introduction mainly describes the significance of the topic, domestic and foreign related research on the subject. The first chapter briefly combs the meaning of Puritanism to the North American colonies, the reasons why the Puritans are keen on the construction of higher education in the North American colonies, and the relevant contents of the Puritanism concerning the higher education in the North American colonies. The second chapter mainly analyzes the influence of Puritanism on the establishment of Harvard College and Yale College. In order to cultivate Puritan priests and spread Puritan culture, Puritans founded Harvard College and Yale College. More than half of the graduates of Harvard and Yale became Puritans during the colonial period, shouldering the responsibility of spreading Puritanism and promoting Puritanism. The third chapter discusses the influence of Puritanism on the management mechanism of Harvard College and Yale College. The people who founded the college and held the power of the college were centered around Puritan priests. Whether Harvard's "double house" management model or Yale's "unicameral" management model, the two forms of management were slightly different. But in essence, it was formed under the guidance of Puritanism, with democratic co-rule as the main characteristics of the management model. Chapter 4th and Chapter 5th are the main body of this paper. Chapter 4th focuses on the criteria for the appointment of the deans of Harvard and Yale. Arguing that both Harvard and Yale colleges consider pure Puritanism to be the primary condition for the appointment of a dean, If the dean preaches other pagan ideas, he must be tried and dismissed. This is the principle that must be upheld in maintaining the Puritan orthodoxy of the college. Chapter 5th discusses a large number of theological courses and courses that foster the ability of priests to debate, in order to achieve the goal of cultivating Puritan pastors at Harvard College and Yale College in the area of curriculum and student management; The College strictly follows the Puritan Church's internal standards of conduct. The conclusion part summarizes the whole text and points out that Puritan thought plays an important role in the development of higher education during the colonial period. With the development of society, although the Puritanism attribute of the college gradually weakened, the secular character gradually strengthened. However, the management mode and spiritual core of the college were deeply branded by Puritanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K712.3;G649.712

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