本文關(guān)鍵詞： 清末民初 留學(xué)生 弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1872年詹天佑等學(xué)子在清政府組織下從上海啟程出洋,開(kāi)啟了中國(guó)人留學(xué)的記錄,此后五十年間,數(shù)十萬(wàn)中國(guó)留學(xué)生求學(xué)異域。在國(guó)內(nèi),留學(xué)生被普遍認(rèn)為是精英、是中國(guó)的希望,但是在國(guó)外,19世紀(jì)中葉開(kāi)始的一系列戰(zhàn)敗為他們貼上了無(wú)法擺脫的弱國(guó)子民標(biāo)簽。留學(xué)生因?yàn)椤叭鯂?guó)子民”的身份認(rèn)同產(chǎn)生的較為穩(wěn)定的思想、情感等內(nèi)心活動(dòng)就是弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)。 現(xiàn)有的研究對(duì)留學(xué)政策、留學(xué)生的思想、留學(xué)生的譯介活動(dòng)、留學(xué)生回國(guó)后的改革討論了很多,但很少涉及留學(xué)生的心理狀態(tài)。因此本文意圖通過(guò)對(duì)留學(xué)生“弱國(guó)子民”心態(tài)的探討呈現(xiàn)出留學(xué)生心理狀態(tài)在歷史發(fā)展中的影響。 文章主要分為四部分。第一部分是論文導(dǎo)言,介紹研究緣起,梳理研究現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)行概念界定,說(shuō)明研究范圍,呈現(xiàn)研究思路。 第二部分探討了留學(xué)生弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)形成的歷史背景。中國(guó)學(xué)生出國(guó)前對(duì)留學(xué)國(guó)充滿憧憬,殊不知因?yàn)檐娛聫?qiáng)弱局勢(shì)的改變,在以美國(guó)、日本為代表的強(qiáng)國(guó)眼中,中國(guó)及中國(guó)人形象極為不佳,有時(shí)甚至呈現(xiàn)出野蠻而惡劣的特征。留學(xué)生出國(guó)前的期許與出國(guó)后的境遇之間的強(qiáng)烈沖突是導(dǎo)致弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)形成和加重的直接原因。 第三部分探討了留學(xué)生弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)的具體表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)留學(xué)生遭遇他人的歧視,最直接的表現(xiàn)就是自卑和憤怒；因?yàn)橛衅惹懈淖內(nèi)鯂?guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)的愿望,他們不僅關(guān)注自身本業(yè)一一學(xué)習(xí),也注意學(xué)業(yè)和救亡圖存的密切聯(lián)系,會(huì)主動(dòng)改善中國(guó)的異域形象,他們的努力有時(shí)甚至呈現(xiàn)出“功夫在詩(shī)外”的特點(diǎn)；面臨尊嚴(yán)的被踐踏,有的學(xué)生以中國(guó)的文明和歷史為“底氣”,從“逆歧視”中獲取安慰；一旦雙眼被自卑遮蔽,也有的留學(xué)生以偏概全,夸大了西方文化的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 第四部分從個(gè)人層面和社會(huì)層面探討了留學(xué)生弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)的影響。個(gè)人層面,弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)成為一種動(dòng)力,激勵(lì)著留學(xué)生在進(jìn)行人生規(guī)劃時(shí)為了忠于救國(guó)理想,往往“趨苦避甜”,選擇了更加崎嶇的人生道路；社會(huì)層面,本文以個(gè)案呈現(xiàn)出弱國(guó)子民心態(tài)在教育近代化中的影響,即教育的強(qiáng)國(guó)導(dǎo)向和速成傾向。
[Abstract]:In 1872, Zhan Tianyou and other students set out from Shanghai under the Qing government's organization, opening a record of Chinese students studying abroad. Since then, in 50 years, there have been 100,000 Chinese students studying in foreign countries. In China, foreign students are generally regarded as the elite. It is China's hope, but a series of defeats that began in the middle of the 19th century abroad branded them the inextricably weak people. Emotion and other inner activities are the mentality of the weak people. The existing research has discussed a lot about the study abroad policy, the thought of the overseas students, the translation and introduction activities of the overseas students, and the reform of the overseas students after returning to China. Therefore, this paper intends to show the influence of the psychological state of foreign students in the historical development through the discussion of the mentality of the students in the weak country. The first part is the introduction of the thesis, which introduces the origin of the research, combs the research status, defines the concept, explains the scope of the research, and presents the research ideas. The second part discusses the historical background of the formation of the mentality of the weak subjects of foreign students. Before Chinese students went abroad, they were full of longing for studying abroad, but they did not know that because of the changes in the military situation, in the eyes of the powerful countries represented by the United States and Japan, The image of China and the Chinese people is extremely poor, sometimes showing the characteristics of barbarism and bad. The strong conflict between the expectations of overseas students and the situation after going abroad is the direct reason for the formation and aggravation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries. The third part discusses the concrete manifestation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries of foreign students. When the students are discriminated against by others, the most direct manifestation is inferiority complex and anger, because they have the desire to change the reality of the weak countries urgently. They not only pay attention to their own study, but also pay attention to the close relationship between their studies and saving the nation from death. They will take the initiative to improve China's foreign image. Their efforts sometimes even show the characteristic of "kung fu outside the poem"; they are faced with being trampled on their dignity. Some students take the Chinese civilization and history as the "base" and take comfort from the "inverse discrimination". Once their eyes are obscured by inferiority, some students exaggerate the advantages of western culture. The 4th part discusses the influence of the psychology of the weak people in the foreign students from the personal and social aspects. At the personal level, the mentality of the weak people becomes a kind of motive force, which inspires the overseas students to be loyal to the ideal of saving the nation in their life planning. In the social level, this paper presents the influence of the mentality of the weak people in the modernization of education, that is, the orientation of education and the tendency of rapid development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G648.9

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本文編號(hào)：1525014