【摘要】： 湘鄉(xiāng)是湖南省中部的一個大縣,長期以來實行的是以私塾、書院為主的封建傳統(tǒng)教育。晚清尤其是甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭以后,湘鄉(xiāng)人在強(qiáng)烈的社會責(zé)任感和愛國心驅(qū)使下率先興辦近代新式教育,引領(lǐng)近代教育改革新潮流。此后的半個多世紀(jì),湘鄉(xiāng)人緊緊把握住時代的脈搏,抓住機(jī)遇,艱難經(jīng)營,在全社會形成了良好的辦學(xué)風(fēng)氣,因此雖然近代教育起步晚,但發(fā)展迅速,晚清民國時期(1895—1949年)的教育以其鮮明的特色和不俗的成績在全省乃至全國引人矚目。其中,中小學(xué)教育一直處于全省領(lǐng)先地位,職業(yè)教育和成人教育也不乏可圈可點之處,涌現(xiàn)出一個熱心辦學(xué)的教育家群體和可歌可泣的教育業(yè)績。一批具有鮮明特色的名校省內(nèi)外聞名,先進(jìn)的教育理念和實踐在今天仍具有借鑒和激勵的作用。近代湘軍的崛起,教育救國思潮的傳播,政府官員的推動,熱心辦學(xué)人士的群策群力是打造近代湘鄉(xiāng)教育輝煌的原因。但近代湘鄉(xiāng)教育在曲折中艱難發(fā)展,時遭頓挫；教育發(fā)展極不平衡,中小學(xué)教育和職業(yè)教育、成人教育的差異,公辦學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校的差異,同類學(xué)校之間的差異都顯著存在,學(xué)校的數(shù)量和辦學(xué)質(zhì)量的矛盾沒有很好地解決。教育的先進(jìn)性與落后性并存,且整體發(fā)展水平不高。政局不穩(wěn)、社會動蕩、經(jīng)濟(jì)落后等因素是制約湘鄉(xiāng)教育發(fā)展的根本因素。湘鄉(xiāng)一批省內(nèi)外聞名的名校包括開近代教育先河的東山精舍和領(lǐng)袖、將軍、詩人、學(xué)者搖籃的東山高等小學(xué)堂,著名教育家羅弨重創(chuàng)辦的以血性教育和素質(zhì)教育聞名全國的陶龕學(xué)校,毀家興學(xué)的蔣顯曾和湘鄉(xiāng)唯一的私立完全中學(xué)—春元中學(xué)是其中杰出的典范,他們?yōu)楦餍懈鳂I(yè)培養(yǎng)了大量優(yōu)秀人才,產(chǎn)生了重大影響,他們的辦學(xué)理念、辦學(xué)精神在教育實踐活動中得到充分體現(xiàn)。湘鄉(xiāng)教育在湖南全省教育中占有相當(dāng)?shù)牡匚?它取得的成就和存在的不足較好地反映了同時期湖南全省教育的整體面貌,具有一定的典型性和代表性,因此對湘鄉(xiāng)教育的個案分析就具有一定的普遍意義。通過對晚清民國時期湘鄉(xiāng)教育和當(dāng)代湘鄉(xiāng)教育成就和缺點的對比分析,進(jìn)一步揭示了晚清民國時期研究湘鄉(xiāng)教育的目的在于為當(dāng)代湘鄉(xiāng)教育改革和素質(zhì)教育的推廣提供歷史借鑒和精神支持。
[Abstract]:Xiangxiang is a big county in the middle of Hunan Province. In the late Qing Dynasty, especially after the Sino-Japanese War, the people in Xiangxiang, driven by a strong sense of social responsibility and patriotism, took the lead in setting up a new education in modern times and leading the new trend of educational reform in modern times. For more than half a century since then, Xiangxiang people have closely grasped the pulse of the times, seized the opportunity and managed hard, and formed a good atmosphere of running schools in the whole society. Therefore, although modern education started late, it developed rapidly. The education of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1895-1949) attracted the attention of the whole province and even the whole country with its distinctive characteristics and remarkable achievements. Among them, primary and secondary education has always been in the leading position in the province, vocational education and adult education also have some notable points, a group of enthusiastic educators and educational achievements can be sung and wept. A group of famous schools with distinctive characteristics are famous both in and outside the province, and advanced educational concepts and practices still have the function of reference and encouragement today. The rise of the modern Hunan army, the spread of the trend of education and national salvation, the promotion of government officials, and the collective efforts of enthusiastically educators are the reasons for the brilliance of education in Xiangxiang in modern times. However, the modern Xiangxiang education in the twists and turns of the difficult development, when suffered setbacks; The development of education is very unbalanced, the difference between primary and secondary education and vocational education, adult education, public school and private school, the difference between the same kind of school, the contradiction between the number of schools and the quality of school is not solved well. The advanced nature and backwardness of education coexist, and the overall level of development is not high. Political instability, social unrest and economic backwardness are the fundamental factors restricting the development of education in Xiangxiang. A number of famous schools in and out of the province in Xiangxiang include Dongshan Jingshe, the first in modern education, and the Dongshan small School of higher Learning, where leaders, generals, poets, and scholars are cradles. Famous educator Luo Chao set up the Tao niche School, which is famous for its bloody education and quality education. Jiang Xianzeng, who destroyed the family for his education, and Chun Yuan Middle School, the only private complete middle school in Xiangxiang, were among the outstanding examples. They have trained a large number of outstanding talents for various industries, which has had a great influence. Their idea and spirit of running a school have been fully reflected in the educational practice. Xiangxiang education plays an important role in the education of Hunan province. Its achievements and shortcomings reflect the whole education of Hunan province in the same period, and it has certain typicality and representativeness. Therefore, the case study of Xiangxiang education has certain universal significance. Through the comparative analysis of the achievements and shortcomings of Xiangxiang education and contemporary Xiangxiang education in the period of the late Qing and the Republic of China, It further reveals that the purpose of studying Xiangxiang education in the late Qing and Republic of China is to provide historical reference and spiritual support for the educational reform and the promotion of quality-oriented education in contemporary Xiangxiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：G529

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蔣紫云;清末湖南書院與學(xué)堂關(guān)系研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：2330683