【摘要】：從明治維新開(kāi)始,日本政府便將教育定位為國(guó)家發(fā)展的根本大略,日本女子教育是日本教育近代化的重要組成部分。本文選取明治前期(在此指自1868年明治政府成立起,至1886年明治政府再次調(diào)整教育方針、廢除《改正教育令》止的歷史階段)的日本女子教育進(jìn)行研究。這段時(shí)期主要是日本模仿歐美教育制度,積極向西方學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)代,也叫作“歐式女子教育理念”實(shí)踐時(shí)期。日本的女子教育起源于明治之前的古代中世紀(jì),在上層社會(huì)普遍有讓女子接受教育的傳統(tǒng)。近代女子教育興起的背景原因主要有明治政府的重視、外國(guó)專(zhuān)家和本國(guó)啟蒙思想家的積極倡導(dǎo)。這一階段可以看成是日本近代教育的起始點(diǎn),從此明治政府開(kāi)始對(duì)近代女子教育制度進(jìn)行了種種探索,并逐步確立以學(xué)習(xí)西方女子教育理論為主的教育方針。1872年《學(xué)制》的頒布標(biāo)志著近代日本女子教育的開(kāi)始,由于《學(xué)制》實(shí)施期間的女子教育出現(xiàn)了一些不振跡象以及《學(xué)制》本身存在一些弊端,明治政府于1879年廢除《學(xué)制》,并對(duì)女子教育的一些政策進(jìn)行調(diào)整,先后頒布了《教育令》、《改正教育令》等一系列教育法令。調(diào)整期間,保守的儒家女德教育思想開(kāi)始影響教育方針政策的制定,逐漸改變了《學(xué)制》時(shí)期向西方學(xué)習(xí)、重視智育的基本原則,婦德及培養(yǎng)女子的“分內(nèi)之事”的教育開(kāi)始成為女子教育的重點(diǎn)。女子教育逐漸走向保守,為后來(lái)女子教育走向極端的“軍國(guó)主義教育”埋下了伏筆。隨著女子教育的發(fā)展,接受過(guò)近代教育的日本女子逐漸覺(jué)醒,開(kāi)始用各種方式主動(dòng)爭(zhēng)取自己的權(quán)利和地位。隨之而來(lái)的就是日本女子在家庭、婚姻、社會(huì)地位的變化,大批職業(yè)女性開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),女性解放運(yùn)動(dòng)也隨之興起,這段時(shí)期女性社會(huì)地位得到明顯提升。明治前期女子教育的發(fā)展雖然坎坷,后期開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)保守傾向,但還是走在眾多國(guó)家女子教育的前列,對(duì)日本的近代化是起積極肯定作用的。
[Abstract]:Since the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government has positioned education as the fundamental strategy for national development, and Japanese women's education is an important part of the modernization of Japanese education. This paper studies the Japanese women's education in the early Meiji period (from the establishment of the Meiji government in 1868 to the historical stage in 1886 when the Meiji government readjusted its educational policy and abolished the end of the "Corrective Education order"). This period is mainly a period when Japan imitated the European and American educational system and actively learned from the West, also known as the practical period of "European women's educational idea". Japanese women's education originated in the ancient Middle Ages before Meiji. The background of the rise of modern women's education is mainly due to the attention of the Meiji government, the active advocacy of foreign experts and national enlightenment thinkers. This stage can be seen as the starting point of modern Japanese education. From then on, the Meiji government began to explore the modern women's education system. The promulgation of the "academic system" in 1872 marked the beginning of modern Japanese women's education. Due to some signs of depression in women's education during the implementation of the "school system" and some defects in the "school system" itself, the Meiji government abolished the "school system" in 1879 and adjusted some policies for women's education. A series of educational decrees have been promulgated successively, such as Education order, Corrective Education order and so on. During the adjustment period, the conservative Confucian female moral education thought began to influence the formulation of educational principles and policies, and gradually changed the period of the "academic system" to learn from the West, attach importance to the basic principles of intellectual education. The education of women's morality and training of women's affairs began to become the focus of women's education. Women's education gradually went to conservatism, which laid the foundation for women's education to the extreme militarism education. With the development of women's education, Japanese women who received modern education gradually awoke and began to fight for their rights and status in various ways. With the change of the family, marriage and social status of Japanese women, a large number of professional women began to appear, and the female liberation movement also rose, during this period, the social status of women was obviously improved. Although the development of women's education in the early Meiji period was rough and conservative, it was still in the forefront of women's education in many countries and played a positive role in the modernization of Japan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G531.3

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