【摘要】：幼兒自控能力指幼兒積極主動地控制其心理與行為,自覺選擇目標(biāo),克服一切干擾并實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的能力。自控能力是保證幼兒完成各項任務(wù)、與同伴友好相處及成功適應(yīng)社會的必備品質(zhì),也是幼兒意志品質(zhì)的一個重要方面。此外,又是幼兒自我意識發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志之一。幼兒的自控能力在不同年齡階段的水平是不同的,幼兒的自控能力在性別上存在顯著差異。自我控制能力是除智力因素以外的對個體社會適應(yīng)、身心健康等的重要影響因素,幼兒期是個體的自控能力形成與發(fā)展十分重要的時期,良好的自控能力是幼兒成功地適應(yīng)幼兒園生活乃至社會生活的基礎(chǔ)。不同氣質(zhì)類型幼兒的自控能力是不同的,幼兒自控能力與教師的言語指導(dǎo)有關(guān),而且教師言語指導(dǎo)對幼兒自控能力的影響因幼兒氣質(zhì)類型的不同而存在差異。本研究以濟南市某幼兒園215名小班、中班和大班幼兒為研究對象,從中篩選出易養(yǎng)型、難養(yǎng)型、中間型幼兒共63人,并隨機分為兩組,采用準(zhǔn)實驗設(shè)計分別對兩組三種不同氣質(zhì)類型的幼兒實施教師一次言語指導(dǎo)、教師多次言語指導(dǎo)兩種不同的言語指導(dǎo),以考察兩種不同的言語指導(dǎo)對不同氣質(zhì)類型幼兒自控能力的影響。本論文得出以下主要研究結(jié)論:(1)女孩自控能力總分及自覺性、堅持性、沖動抑制性、自我延遲滿足顯著好于男孩。幼兒自控能力在自控總分及自覺性、堅持性、沖動抑制性、自我延遲滿足各維度年級主效應(yīng)顯著,大班和小班幼兒在自控能力總分及自覺性、堅持性、沖動抑制性、自我延遲滿足均好于中班幼兒,大班幼兒的堅持性好于小班幼兒。(2)問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不同氣質(zhì)類型幼兒在堅持性、自我延遲滿足及總的自控能力上差異顯著,中間型幼兒的堅持性、自我延遲滿足及自控能力總分均好于難養(yǎng)型幼兒,易養(yǎng)型幼兒的自我延遲滿足和自控能力總分均好于難養(yǎng)型幼兒。(3)任務(wù)情境準(zhǔn)實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn),中間型幼兒的堅持性、沖動抑制性、自我延遲滿足能力、總的自控能力顯著好于難養(yǎng)型幼兒;易養(yǎng)型幼兒的沖動抑制性、自我延遲滿足能力、總的自控能力顯著好于難養(yǎng)型幼兒。教師多次言語指導(dǎo)后幼兒的堅持性顯著好于教師一次言語指導(dǎo)。尤其是接受教師多次言語指導(dǎo)的易養(yǎng)型幼兒其堅持性顯著好于接受教師一次言語指導(dǎo)的同氣質(zhì)類型的幼兒。
[Abstract]:Children's self-control ability refers to the ability of children to actively control their psychology and behavior, consciously choose goals, overcome all interference and achieve their goals. The ability of self-control is an essential quality to ensure the children to complete all kinds of tasks, to get along with their peers and to adapt to the society successfully. It is also an important aspect of the quality of children's will. In addition, it is also an important sign of the development of children's self-consciousness. The level of children's self-control ability is different in different age stage, and there is significant difference in their self-control ability in gender. Self-control ability is an important influence factor on individual social adaptation and physical and mental health except for intellectual factors. Early childhood is a very important period for the formation and development of individual self-control ability. Good self-control ability is the foundation of children's successful adaptation to kindergarten life and even social life. The self-control ability of children with different temperament types is different. The self-control ability of young children is related to teachers' speech guidance, and the influence of teachers' language guidance on children's self-control ability is different because of the different temperament types. In this study, 215 children in small class, middle class and large class in a kindergarten in Jinan City were selected out of the study. 63 children of easy to raise, difficult to raise and intermediate type were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Two groups of children with three different temperament types were given one time speech instruction and two different kinds of speech guidance by quasi experimental design. To investigate the influence of two different language guidance on children's self-control ability of different temperament types. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the total scores of self-control ability, consciousness, persistence, impulsive inhibition and self-delay satisfaction of girls are significantly better than those of boys. The main effect of self-control ability was significant in the total score of self-control, consciousness, persistence, impulsive inhibition, self-delay in all dimensions, and the total score and consciousness, persistence, impulse inhibition of children in large and small classes in self-control ability, the main effect of self-control ability was significant in each dimension of self-control, and the total score of self-control ability and consciousness, persistence and impulsive inhibition were significant. Self-delay satisfaction was better than that of middle class children, and that of large class children was better than that of small class children. (2) the results of questionnaire survey showed that there were significant differences in adherence, self-delay satisfaction and total self-control ability among children with different temperament types. The total scores of persistence, self-delay satisfaction and self-control ability of middle type children were better than that of difficult type children, and the total scores of self-delay satisfaction and self-control ability of easily nurtured children were better than those of difficult type children. (3) Quasi-experimental study of task situation found that, The ability of persistence, impulsive inhibition, self-delayed satisfaction and total self-control of intermediate children were significantly better than those of hard-to-raise children. The ability of impulsive inhibition, self-delay satisfaction and total self-control were significantly better than those of difficult-raising children. The children's persistence is better than the teacher's one-time speech instruction. In particular, the persistence of the children with the same temperament was better than that of the children with the same temperament who received the teacher's speech instruction for many times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.12

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