【摘要】：教育均衡作為一個(gè)普遍性難題,長久以來受到國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的密切關(guān)注。而義務(wù)教育均衡則是教育均衡的重點(diǎn),是教育公平的基礎(chǔ)和表現(xiàn)形式。而教育公平則是社會(huì)公平的基礎(chǔ)。義務(wù)教育的均衡化是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的過程。要推進(jìn)其發(fā)展,首先要監(jiān)測其發(fā)展進(jìn)程,清楚其發(fā)展瓶頸。本研究在梳理國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)一定的指標(biāo)選取原則和理論指導(dǎo),構(gòu)建適合我國國情的義務(wù)教育均衡評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。并大量參閱相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒的數(shù)據(jù),借鑒測算人類發(fā)展指數(shù)的方法測算我國1995—2013年間的義務(wù)教育均衡指數(shù)。旨在監(jiān)測近年我國義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展進(jìn)程的同時(shí),探究其存在的問題,為推進(jìn)其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供合理建議。本研究通過兩個(gè)體系八個(gè)維度測算了近年我國義務(wù)教育均衡指數(shù)。發(fā)現(xiàn)無論是在宏觀體系還是在中觀體系,我國義務(wù)教育均衡指數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)逐步上升的態(tài)勢。然則,當(dāng)落實(shí)到具體八個(gè)維度的指數(shù)時(shí),卻發(fā)現(xiàn)不同指標(biāo)的指數(shù)水平存在著較大差距。教育機(jī)會(huì)均衡指數(shù)已達(dá)到了比較高的數(shù)值且其變動(dòng)幅度較小,長時(shí)間處于穩(wěn)定上升的狀態(tài)。而區(qū)域均衡指數(shù)在1995—2013年區(qū)間段內(nèi)處于停滯不前的平臺(tái)期,且近年有持續(xù)下降的趨勢。將我國適齡兒童小學(xué)和初中的入學(xué)率與OECD數(shù)據(jù)庫中收錄的其他國家對(duì)應(yīng)指標(biāo)值的比較分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),我國小學(xué)適齡兒童入學(xué)率確已達(dá)到世界領(lǐng)先水平。在對(duì)區(qū)域均衡指數(shù)的構(gòu)成指標(biāo)作進(jìn)一步的比較探究時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)、事業(yè)費(fèi)投入和師資配置在東部、中部和西部區(qū)域間的差距很大。東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)費(fèi)資源和教師資源都遠(yuǎn)高于中西部地區(qū)。其中中部區(qū)域義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資源匱乏較為嚴(yán)重,西部地區(qū)師資配置匱乏較為嚴(yán)重。在對(duì)我國義務(wù)教育均衡指數(shù)與財(cái)政投入的相關(guān)性探究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)財(cái)政投入的持續(xù)增大并沒有推動(dòng)義務(wù)教育均衡的持續(xù)發(fā)展。反而經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的區(qū)域不均衡程度在持續(xù)加劇。
[Abstract]:As a universal problem, educational balance has been paid close attention by scholars at home and abroad for a long time. The balance of compulsory education is the focus of educational balance and the basis and manifestation of educational equity. Education equity is the foundation of social equity. The equalization of compulsory education is a dynamic process. To promote its development, first of all, to monitor its development process, clear its development bottlenecks. On the basis of combing the current research situation at home and abroad, this study constructs a balanced evaluation index system of compulsory education suitable for China's national conditions, based on the selected principles and theoretical guidance of certain indicators. And a large number of reference to the relevant statistical yearbook data, using the method of calculating the human development index to calculate the compulsory education balance index between 1995 and 2013 in China. The purpose of this paper is to monitor the balanced development of compulsory education in China in recent years, at the same time, to probe into its existing problems, and to provide reasonable suggestions for its further development. This study calculates the equilibrium index of compulsory education in China in recent years through two systems and eight dimensions. It is found that the equilibrium index of compulsory education in China is rising step by step, both in the macro system and in the meso system. However, when the index of the specific eight dimensions is implemented, it is found that there is a large gap in the index level of the different indicators. The educational opportunity equilibrium index has reached a relatively high value and its range of change is relatively small, and it is in a state of steady rise for a long time. However, the regional equilibrium index is stagnant in the period of 1995-2013, and has a decreasing trend in recent years. By comparing the enrolment rates of primary and junior high school children in China with the corresponding values of other countries included in the OECD database, it is found that the school enrolment rate of primary school age children in China has indeed reached the leading level in the world. In this paper, the author makes a further comparative study on the constitution of regional equilibrium index, and finds that there is a big gap between the eastern, central and western regions of compulsory education funds, investment in business expenses and the allocation of teachers. The financial resources and teachers' resources in the eastern region are much higher than those in the central and western regions. The central region is short of compulsory education funds, and the western region is short of teachers. In the study of the correlation between the balanced index of compulsory education and financial investment, it is found that the sustained increase of financial investment does not promote the sustainable development of compulsory education balance. On the contrary, the regional imbalance of funding is continuously increasing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G522.3

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本文編號(hào)：2266086