【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟社會的巨大發(fā)展,社會分化日益嚴重,帶來一系列社會心理問題,近幾年,欺負行為在我國有愈演愈烈之勢,尤其是學(xué)校欺負現(xiàn)象往往給青少年人及其家庭帶來的難以挽回的嚴重后果,這使得對欺負的干預(yù)研究迫在眉睫,而從不同的角度對欺負進行研究有助于尋找更加有效的干預(yù)方法。道德判斷是個體對行為的是非對錯、好壞善惡進行評判的認識活動,其好壞對道德行為具有預(yù)測作用。因此從道德判斷的角度對欺負行為進行研究,以探討個體對受欺負者的后續(xù)助人行為的影響,是對欺負進行干預(yù)的一個新視角。根據(jù)解釋水平理論(CLT),個體對某一行為的道德判斷取決于個體知覺到的心理距離的遠近;而在校園中,最常知覺到的是人際關(guān)系距離的遠近。因此本研究將心理距離的其中一個維度-社會距離這一因素考慮進來,探討個體知覺到的不同社會距離對初中生在欺負情境中的道德判斷產(chǎn)生什么影響。本論文以初中生為研究對象,使用自編的《欺負情境道德判斷問卷》,共包含三部分。第一個研究包含兩個子研究,分別探討社會距離的直接啟動與線索啟動如何影響欺負情境中的道德判斷,并且探究了道德判斷與道德行為意向的關(guān)系;研究二將憤怒與厭惡這兩種道德情緒作為自變量考慮進來,以探討情緒與認知怎樣作用于道德判斷;研究三將被試本身的欺負角色進行分類,選取受欺負者與未卷入者,以探討欺負角色、社會距離對道德判斷的影響。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)個體作為旁觀者對欺負情境中的道德判斷存在社會距離效應(yīng)(無論是直接啟動還是線索啟動)。即個體知覺到的與欺負者的社會距離越遠,對其的道德判斷越嚴厲;知覺到的社會距離越近,道德判斷越寬松。(2)總體來說,個體對關(guān)系欺負情境的道德判斷最為嚴厲,其次是言語欺負情境,對身體欺負情境的道德判斷相對最為寬松。個體隨著年級的增加對身體欺負的道德判斷越來越寬松而對關(guān)系欺負的道德判斷越來越嚴厲。(3)道德判斷和道德行為意向呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān),即道德判斷越嚴厲,個體的道德行為意向越強,助人可能性越高。(4)憤怒情緒啟動組與厭惡情緒啟動組相對于對照組道德判斷最嚴厲,且不受社會距離效應(yīng)的影響。(5)個體自身欺負的角色會影響個體的道德判斷,不論社會距離的遠近,當個體是受欺負者時,相對于未卷入者,道德判斷更加嚴厲。
[Abstract]:With the great development of our country's economy and society, the social differentiation is becoming more and more serious, which brings about a series of social psychological problems. In recent years, bullying has become more and more serious in our country. In particular, the phenomenon of school bullying often brings irreparable and serious consequences to teenagers and their families, which makes it urgent to study the intervention of bullying. The research on bullying from different angles is helpful to find more effective intervention methods. Moral judgment is an individual's cognition of right and wrong, good or bad, which can predict moral behavior. Therefore, it is a new perspective to study bullying behavior from the perspective of moral judgment in order to explore the individual's influence on the subsequent helping behavior of the bullied person. According to the level of interpretation theory, (CLT), 's individual moral judgment on a certain behavior depends on the distance of the individual's perceived psychological distance, while on campus, the most common perception is the distance of interpersonal relationship. Therefore, this study takes social distance, one of the dimensions of psychological distance, into account to explore the influence of different social distances perceived by individuals on the moral judgment of junior high school students in bullying situations. In this paper, junior high school students as the research object, using the self-compiled bullying situational moral judgment questionnaire, a total of three parts. The first study consists of two sub-studies, exploring how the direct initiation of social distance and clue priming affect the moral judgment in bullying situations, and the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior intention. In the second study, anger and disgust were taken into account as independent variables to explore how emotion and cognition acted on moral judgment. To explore the role of bullying, the impact of social distance on moral judgment. The results are as follows: (1) the individual as a bystander has a social distance effect on the moral judgment in the situation of bullying (either direct priming or clue priming). That is, the longer the social distance between the individual and the bully, the more severe the moral judgment; the closer the perceived social distance, the looser the moral judgment. (2) generally speaking, the individual's moral judgment on the situation of relational bullying is the most severe. Secondly, verbal bullying situation, the most relaxed moral judgment of physical bullying situation. With the increase of grade, the moral judgment of physical bullying becomes more and more relaxed and the moral judgment of relational bullying becomes more and more severe. (3) moral judgment and moral behavior intention are significantly positively correlated, that is, the more severe the moral judgment, the more severe the moral judgment is. The stronger the individual's moral behavior intention, the higher the possibility of helping others. (4) the anger priming group and the aversion priming group had the harshest moral judgment than the control group. And not affected by the social distance effect. (5) the role of individual bullying will affect the individual moral judgment, regardless of social distance, when the individual is bullied, compared with the non-involved, the moral judgment is more severe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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