【摘要】：美國(guó)的流動(dòng)學(xué)生數(shù)量十分巨大,美國(guó)社會(huì)各界對(duì)這一群體的教育問(wèn)題給予了關(guān)注。要解決流動(dòng)學(xué)生的教育問(wèn)題,關(guān)鍵是要為他們提供足夠的教育資金,而這也是當(dāng)前美國(guó)政府面臨的問(wèn)題所在�；谶@樣的困難,美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府采取了各項(xiàng)措施以解決流動(dòng)學(xué)生的教育問(wèn)題,其中以“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”最具代表性。該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃由美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府制定并出資,各州根據(jù)聯(lián)邦政府的規(guī)定以及其自身的實(shí)際情況分設(shè)州級(jí)“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”。加利福尼亞州是美國(guó)的流動(dòng)人口大州,它通過(guò)實(shí)施“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”獲得了聯(lián)邦政府大量的流動(dòng)教育資金,從而緩解了其州內(nèi)流動(dòng)教育資金不足的問(wèn)題。本文以加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資助情況為研究對(duì)象,探討了加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”產(chǎn)生的背景、主要內(nèi)容、以及其教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的資助情況,并對(duì)加州該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資助情況進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),最后提出了對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示。全文共分為六個(gè)章節(jié):第一章為緒論部分,介紹了選題緣由,闡明了研究目的和研究意義,確定了研究方法,對(duì)文章的關(guān)鍵概念進(jìn)行了界定,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行了歸納與整理并介紹了理論基礎(chǔ)。第二章介紹了美國(guó)“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”產(chǎn)生的背景,從該計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生的法律基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實(shí)需要這兩方面來(lái)闡述。第三章論述了美國(guó)加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”的主要內(nèi)容。介紹了計(jì)劃實(shí)施的主要內(nèi)容和迷你助教項(xiàng)目、流動(dòng)學(xué)生信息網(wǎng)、美墨流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育項(xiàng)目等具有代表性的項(xiàng)目。第四章對(duì)美國(guó)加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資助情況進(jìn)行分析。詳細(xì)闡述了資助對(duì)象、資助經(jīng)費(fèi)額度、經(jīng)費(fèi)分配方式、經(jīng)費(fèi)用途這四方面內(nèi)容。第五章主要從成功和不足之處這兩方面來(lái)對(duì)美國(guó)加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資助情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。該計(jì)劃的成功之處有以下幾點(diǎn):一是構(gòu)建了完善的法律體系,為流動(dòng)兒童教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的獲得提供法律保障;二是獲得了較大量的經(jīng)費(fèi)支持,較好地保障了州內(nèi)流動(dòng)兒童教育發(fā)展;三是經(jīng)費(fèi)撥款方式科學(xué)合理,極大地提高了經(jīng)費(fèi)利用效率;四是聯(lián)邦政府和加州教育部門(mén)分工明確,促進(jìn)了流動(dòng)兒童教育問(wèn)題的解決。它的不足之處有兩點(diǎn):一是經(jīng)費(fèi)還不足以滿足全部流動(dòng)學(xué)生的需要;二是經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源渠道過(guò)于單一。第六章闡述了加州“流動(dòng)學(xué)生教育計(jì)劃”教育經(jīng)費(fèi)資助情況對(duì)我國(guó)流動(dòng)人口子女教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障的啟示。從完善立法、建立中央政府對(duì)流動(dòng)人口子女教育的補(bǔ)償機(jī)制、為家庭特別困難的流動(dòng)學(xué)生提供特殊資助以及加強(qiáng)流動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)前教育這四個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述。
[Abstract]:The number of floating students in the United States is very large, American society pays attention to the education of this group. The key to solving the problem of education for migrant students is to provide them with sufficient funds for education, which is the problem facing the U.S. government. Because of these difficulties, the federal government has taken various measures to solve the educational problems of migrant students, among which the "migrant Student Education Program" is the most representative. The program is developed and funded by the federal government, and states set up a state "floating student education program" according to federal regulations and their own actual situation. California is a large floating state in the United States. It obtains a large amount of flowing education funds from the federal government through the implementation of the "floating Student Education Program", which alleviates the problem of insufficient mobile education funds in the states. In this paper, the background, the main content and the funding of the floating student education program in California are discussed. Finally, the paper evaluates the educational funding of the California program, and finally puts forward the enlightenment to our country. The full text is divided into six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction part, which introduces the reason of selecting the topic, clarifies the purpose and significance of the research, determines the research method, and defines the key concepts of the article. The related research results at home and abroad are summarized and the theoretical basis is introduced. The second chapter introduces the background of the "floating student education program" in the United States, and expounds the legal basis and practical needs of the program. The third chapter discusses the main contents of the mobile student education program in California, USA. This paper introduces the main contents of the plan and some representative projects, such as mini teaching assistant project, mobile student information network, American and Mexican mobile student education project, etc. Chapter four analyzes the educational funding of the floating Student Education Program in California, USA. In this paper, the object, quota, distribution and use of funds are described in detail. The fifth chapter evaluates the educational funding of the floating Student Education Program in California from the aspects of success and deficiency. The success of the plan is as follows: first, a sound legal system has been constructed to provide legal protection for the education funds of floating children; second, a large amount of financial support has been obtained to better ensure the development of floating children's education in the state. Third, the allocation of funds is scientific and reasonable, which greatly improves the efficiency of the use of funds; fourth, the federal government and the California education department have a clear division of labor, which has promoted the solution of the educational problems of floating children. There are two shortcomings: one is that the funds are not enough to meet the needs of all floating students; the other is that the source of funds is too single. In the sixth chapter, the author expounds the enlightenment of the state of California's "floating Student Education Program" on the educational funds guarantee of the floating population's children in our country. It is expounded from four aspects: perfecting legislation, establishing the compensation mechanism of central government to the children education of floating population, providing special financial aid to floating students with special difficulties and strengthening the preschool education of floating students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G571.2

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