【摘要】：近年來,心理學(xué)家們針對風(fēng)險決策的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了大量的研究,而這也一直是心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究焦點之一�？蚣苄�(yīng)的提出,豐富了風(fēng)險決策研究領(lǐng)域的理論和內(nèi)容,框架效應(yīng)和風(fēng)險決策的關(guān)系研究更是成為決策領(lǐng)域的研究重點�？蚣苄�(yīng)指的是因為改變了問題或任務(wù)情境的表述方式,導(dǎo)致決策者在進(jìn)行決策行為時因之出現(xiàn)了不同的選擇偏好。研究者們一般將框架效應(yīng)分為內(nèi)部和外部兩種效應(yīng),即決策任務(wù)本身的特征和決策者的個體特征。歸因作為個體的一種特殊的認(rèn)知活動,既是個體人格差異的表現(xiàn)形式之一,同時也會影響到個體的信息加工方式和行為動機(jī),從而對個體的決策行為產(chǎn)生影響。因此,本文進(jìn)一步在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上引入歸因風(fēng)格這個因素作為其中一個自變量,同時探討歸因風(fēng)格和框架這兩個因素是否會對大學(xué)生的風(fēng)險決策偏好產(chǎn)生影響,以及產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響。本研究主要使用的是實驗法以及測驗法這兩種研究方法對此問題進(jìn)行分析,采用2(積極歸因風(fēng)格,消極歸因風(fēng)格)×2(正框架,負(fù)框架)的雙因素實驗設(shè)計進(jìn)行研究。實驗中的自變量有兩個,即歸因風(fēng)格和框架。因變量是個體在對風(fēng)險決策材料進(jìn)行回答時,通過對兩個方案的贊成程度而計算得到的風(fēng)險決策總分。個體的風(fēng)險決策總分越高,表示該個體越傾向于冒險,更有可能做出偏冒險的決策;總分越低,該個體越傾向于保守,更有可能做出偏保守的決策。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)歸因風(fēng)格對風(fēng)險偏好的主效應(yīng)顯著,框架效應(yīng)對風(fēng)險偏好的主效應(yīng)也顯著,但是二者的交互作用卻并不具有顯著性;(2)框架對大學(xué)生風(fēng)險偏好的主效應(yīng)顯著。正框架下的個體在風(fēng)險決策時更傾向于風(fēng)險規(guī)避,負(fù)框架下的個體在風(fēng)險決策時更傾向于風(fēng)險尋求,負(fù)框架下的個體比正框架下的個體更傾向于做出冒險的決策;(3)歸因風(fēng)格對大學(xué)生風(fēng)險偏好的主效應(yīng)顯著。積極歸因風(fēng)格的個體在風(fēng)險決策時更傾向于風(fēng)險尋求,消極歸因風(fēng)格的個體在風(fēng)險決策時更傾向于風(fēng)險規(guī)避,積極歸因風(fēng)格的個體比消極歸因風(fēng)格的個體更傾向于做出冒險的決策;(4)大學(xué)生群體在進(jìn)行風(fēng)險決策時總體上偏向于風(fēng)險尋求。總而言之,本文主要探討了歸因風(fēng)格和框架對風(fēng)險偏好的影響,對人們做出相對讓自己滿意的決策提供了參考。未來的研究應(yīng)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大被試的研究范圍,針對任務(wù)情境的不同加以區(qū)別分析,并將研究置于現(xiàn)實的自然的決策情境中,以增強(qiáng)實驗的生態(tài)效度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, psychologists have done a lot of research on risk decision making, which has always been one of the focuses in the field of psychology. The introduction of frame effect enriches the theory and content of risk decision making, and the research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision has become the focus of decision making. Frame effect refers to the different preference of decision makers when they make decisions because of changing the expression of problem or task situation. Researchers generally divide frame effects into internal and external effects, that is, the characteristics of the decision task itself and the individual characteristics of the decision maker. Attribution, as a special cognitive activity of individuals, is not only one of the manifestations of individual personality differences, but also affects individual information processing and behavior motivation, thus affecting individual decision-making behavior. Therefore, this paper further introduces attribution style as one of the independent variables on the basis of previous studies. At the same time, this paper discusses whether the attribution style and the frame will have an impact on the risk decision preference of college students. And what the impact is. This study mainly uses the experimental method and the test method to analyze this problem, and adopts the two-factor experimental design of 2 (positive attribution style, negative attribution style) 脳 2 (positive frame, negative frame). There are two independent variables in the experiment, namely attribution style and frame. The dependent variable is the total score of the risk decision which is calculated by the degree of approval of the two schemes when the individual answers to the risk decision materials. The higher the total score of the individual's risk decision, the more likely the individual is to take risks, and the lower the total score, the more conservative the individual is, and the more likely he is to make the conservative decision. The results show that: (1) the main effects of attributional style on risk preference are significant, and the main effect of frame effect on risk preference is significant, but the interaction between them is not significant; (2) the main effect of frame on risk preference of college students is significant. Individuals in the positive frame are more inclined to risk aversion in the risk decision-making, while the individuals in the negative frame are more inclined to seek the risk in the risk decision-making. Individuals in negative frame are more likely to make risky decisions than those in positive frame. (3) Attribution style has significant effect on college students' risk preference. Individuals with positive attribution style are more inclined to seek risk in risk decision-making, while individuals with negative attribution style are more inclined to avoid risk when making risk decisions. Individuals with positive attribution style are more likely to make risky decisions than those with negative attribution styles; (4) college students generally tend to seek risk when making risk decisions. In a word, this paper mainly discusses the impact of attribution style and framework on risk preference, and provides a reference for people to make relatively satisfactory decisions. In order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment, the future research should further expand the scope of the subjects' research, distinguish and analyze the different task situations, and put the research in the realistic natural decision making situation in order to enhance the ecological validity of the experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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本文編號：2161949