本文選題：“紐約市教學(xué)伙伴” + 師資培養(yǎng)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新世紀(jì)以來,教師教育已經(jīng)成為全球重要的議題。為了確保教師的素質(zhì)和能力,世界各國普遍實(shí)行了教師資格證書制度,教師的地位有所提高,各國也加強(qiáng)了對教師職前職后一體化以及教師終身學(xué)習(xí)的重視。但傳統(tǒng)的教師教育項(xiàng)目并沒有達(dá)到學(xué)校對教師數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的需求。而經(jīng)濟(jì)的不均衡發(fā)展很大程度上加劇了貧困地區(qū)教師的問題。上世紀(jì)80年代以來,美國教師數(shù)量極度短缺,教師質(zhì)量以及師資隊(duì)伍結(jié)構(gòu)也多次受到詬病,傳統(tǒng)的教師教育面臨“解制”的挑戰(zhàn)。自此,選擇性教師教育改革運(yùn)動(dòng)興起,并在之后的近三十年來蓬勃發(fā)展。選擇性教師教育項(xiàng)目作為傳統(tǒng)教師教育項(xiàng)目的一種替代方式,其師資培養(yǎng)的時(shí)間更短,更為強(qiáng)調(diào)教師的多樣性。“紐約市教學(xué)伙伴”項(xiàng)目是美國著名的選擇性教師教育項(xiàng)目,自2000年啟動(dòng)后,已經(jīng)為美國紐約市輸送了大量的師資,并且有效地調(diào)整了紐約市單一的師資結(jié)構(gòu),得到了紐約市政府的大力支持。本研究旨在對該項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)該項(xiàng)目的優(yōu)秀做法,并基于中國的現(xiàn)狀提出一定借鑒。本文的主體由五個(gè)部分構(gòu)成,分別為“紐約市教學(xué)伙伴”項(xiàng)目的產(chǎn)生背景、價(jià)值取向和主要目標(biāo)、實(shí)施環(huán)節(jié)、實(shí)施成效和問題、該項(xiàng)目的主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)及其對中國的啟示。20世紀(jì)末,紐約市缺乏大量合格教師,尚已存在的師資隊(duì)伍結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,紐約市公立教育質(zhì)量低下,紐約市需要大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)教師來改善其公立教育。而20世紀(jì)80年代起,美國中小學(xué)在教師招募方面存在較為嚴(yán)重的問題,而傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)本位的教師教育對教師的培養(yǎng)已經(jīng)不能滿足美國對教師的需求,因此美國爆發(fā)了選擇性教師教育改革運(yùn)動(dòng),并且在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展,全美范圍內(nèi)的選擇性教師教育運(yùn)動(dòng)對紐約市的教師教育改革起到了重要的鼓舞作用。在以上所述的內(nèi)需和外驅(qū)的作用下,“紐約市教學(xué)伙伴”項(xiàng)目應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。該項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值取向?yàn)榻逃�、�?shí)踐主義以及解制主義,主要目標(biāo)為“培養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀教師”、“緩解貧困地區(qū)師資短缺現(xiàn)狀”以及“提高紐約市公立學(xué)校教育質(zhì)量”。在實(shí)施環(huán)節(jié)方面,該項(xiàng)目主要通過四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)得以實(shí)施,分別是招募和選拔、職前培養(yǎng)、崗位實(shí)踐以及職后研修。該項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)實(shí)施17余年,培養(yǎng)了大量的教育工作者,優(yōu)化了紐約市師資隊(duì)伍,促進(jìn)了紐約市公立教育的均衡發(fā)展;但該項(xiàng)目在實(shí)施過程中仍然存在一定問題�？傮w來說,該項(xiàng)目表現(xiàn)出“重視教育公平和均衡發(fā)展”,“重視候選人的多樣性”,“突出強(qiáng)調(diào)候選人的學(xué)業(yè)成就”,“注重教師培養(yǎng)的高效性和實(shí)踐性”等特點(diǎn)�；谖覈處熃逃膶�(shí)施情況,筆者認(rèn)為我國應(yīng)高度重視選擇性教師教育項(xiàng)目的實(shí)踐作用,在選擇性教師教育項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施過程中需要進(jìn)一步完善候選人招募選拔體制,改進(jìn)培訓(xùn)體系,構(gòu)建保障體制。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, teacher education has become an important issue in the world. In order to ensure the quality and ability of teachers, teachers' qualification certificate system has been widely implemented in the world. The status of teachers has been improved, and the integration of teachers' pre-service and post-service as well as teachers' lifelong learning have been paid more attention to. However, the traditional teacher education projects do not meet the needs of the school for the number and quality of teachers. And the uneven development of the economy to a large extent exacerbated the problem of teachers in poor areas. Since the 1980s, the number of teachers in the United States has been extremely short, the quality of teachers and the structure of teachers have been criticized many times, and the traditional teacher education is facing the challenge of "deconstruction". Since then, the selective teacher education reform movement has risen and flourished in the past three decades. As an alternative to the traditional teacher education project, the selective teacher education project has shorter teacher training time and more emphasis on the diversity of teachers. The New York City Teaching Partnership is a well-known selective teacher education program in the United States. Since it was launched in 2000, it has sent a large number of teachers to New York City and effectively adjusted the single teaching staff structure in New York City. It received strong support from the city of New York. The purpose of this study is to analyze the project, summarize the excellent practice of the project, and put forward some references based on the present situation of China. The main body of this paper is composed of five parts, namely, the background, value orientation and main objectives, implementation links, implementation results and problems of the "New York City Teaching Partners" project, the main experience of the project and its enlightenment to China at the end of the 20th century. New York City lacks a large number of qualified teachers, the existing teaching staff structure is unreasonable, the quality of New York City public education is low, New York City needs a large number of high-quality teachers to improve its public education. Since the 1980s, there have been serious problems in the recruitment of teachers in American primary and secondary schools. However, the traditional university-based teacher education has not been able to meet the needs of teachers in the United States. Therefore, the selective teacher Education Reform Movement broke out in the United States and developed rapidly in a short time. The selective teacher Education Movement in the United States played an important role in encouraging the teacher education reform in New York City. Under the influence of domestic demand and foreign drive, the "New York City Teaching Partners" project emerged. The value orientation of the project is educational fairness, pragmatism and deconstructionism, with the main goals of "training excellent teachers", "alleviating the shortage of teachers in poor areas" and "improving the quality of education in New York City's public schools". In terms of implementation, the project is mainly carried out through four links, namely, recruitment and selection, pre-service training, post practice and post study. The project has been implemented for more than 17 years, trained a large number of educators, optimized the teaching staff in New York City, and promoted the balanced development of New York City public education, but there are still some problems in the implementation of the project. In general, the project shows the characteristics of "attaching importance to the fair and balanced development of education", "attaching importance to the diversity of candidates", "emphasizing the academic achievements of candidates", and "paying attention to the efficiency and practicality of teacher training". Based on the implementation of teacher education in China, the author thinks that our country should attach great importance to the practical role of selective teacher education project, and further improve the system of candidate recruitment and selection in the implementation process of selective teacher education project. Improve the training system and build a security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G451

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