本文選題：未來情景思維 + 延遲折扣��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：未來情景思維(Episodic Future Thinking)是對于未來事件的生動(dòng)的情景性模擬。延遲折扣(Delay Discounting)是指當(dāng)個(gè)體不能即時(shí)的得到某些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的時(shí)候,隨著延遲的時(shí)間增加,其對這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的主觀價(jià)值逐漸降低、折扣的現(xiàn)象,延遲折扣是衡量個(gè)體沖動(dòng)性的有效指標(biāo),延遲折扣傾向越大,表明個(gè)體的沖動(dòng)性越高。目前已經(jīng)有研究表明未來情景思維可以有效改變個(gè)體的延遲折扣任務(wù)中的行為表現(xiàn),即在進(jìn)行了未來情景思維之后,個(gè)體在延遲折扣任務(wù)當(dāng)中表現(xiàn)出主觀價(jià)值隨延遲時(shí)間的增加降低速率減緩或選擇延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的比例增加等。然而已有研究中仍存在以下問題:第一,這些研究當(dāng)中有些研究使用了內(nèi)容相關(guān)的未來情景思維而有些研究則沒有,而并沒有研究同時(shí)對未來情景思維與延遲折扣內(nèi)容相關(guān)性進(jìn)行操縱,即并不能明確當(dāng)兩者內(nèi)容相關(guān)時(shí)未來情景思維是否能更好的降低個(gè)體的延遲折扣;第二,已有研究表明積極情緒的未來情景思維可以更好的降低個(gè)體的延遲折扣(相比于中性情緒),但沒有研究涉及消極情緒的未來情景思維,同時(shí)也沒有研究通過不同效價(jià)的情緒啟動(dòng),來誘發(fā)被試進(jìn)行消極情緒、積極情緒的未來情景思維,并且不明確這些不同情緒啟動(dòng)的未來情景思維對個(gè)體延遲折扣的降低作用是否存在差異;第三,在已有研究中,關(guān)于不同情緒強(qiáng)度、生動(dòng)性的未來情景思維對于個(gè)體延遲折扣降低作用是否存在影響差異并未得到一致的結(jié)論,有些研究得到了情緒強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng)、生動(dòng)性越高的未來情景思維對延遲折扣的降低作用更大,而有些研究則沒有得出這樣的結(jié)論;最后,個(gè)體的認(rèn)知能力(包括情景思維能力、抑制控制以及工作記憶)在未來情景思維對延遲折扣的降低關(guān)系的影響也并不明確,故本研究對以上問題進(jìn)行探究。本研究采用兩因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)對87名本科生進(jìn)行研究,其中兩因素分別為情緒啟動(dòng)和內(nèi)容相關(guān)性,前者為被試間變量(三個(gè)水平:積極情緒啟動(dòng)組、消極情緒啟動(dòng)組以及無情緒啟動(dòng)組),后者為被試內(nèi)變量(兩個(gè)水平:內(nèi)容相關(guān)以及內(nèi)容無關(guān))。實(shí)驗(yàn)將被試隨機(jī)分為三組,首先讓被試進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)提供地點(diǎn)的未來情景思維,并通過提供不同線索詞匯對其進(jìn)行的未來情景思維的情緒效價(jià)和內(nèi)容相關(guān)性進(jìn)行操縱:在被試進(jìn)行未來情景思維的時(shí)候,給出內(nèi)容相關(guān)性提示詞讓被試對該地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的想象(內(nèi)容相關(guān))或是該地點(diǎn)可能存在物品的想象(內(nèi)容無關(guān)),每個(gè)被試都需要進(jìn)行內(nèi)容相關(guān)和無關(guān)的未來情景思維;同時(shí)提供給被試相應(yīng)的情緒誘發(fā)詞來對被試的情緒效價(jià)進(jìn)行操控,其中積極情緒啟動(dòng)組和消極情緒啟動(dòng)組分別提供誘發(fā)被試積極情緒和消極情緒的詞匯,而無情緒啟動(dòng)組則沒有提示詞。在進(jìn)行未來情景思維之后,讓被試在即時(shí)固定獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)天發(fā)放20元)和延遲的大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(例如:10天后發(fā)放25元等)之間進(jìn)行選擇,并記錄被試在各個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)水平下的延遲折扣中選擇延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的比例。隨后讓被試對未來情景思維所誘發(fā)的情緒積極性、強(qiáng)度和生動(dòng)程度進(jìn)行評價(jià),其中情緒積極性作為實(shí)驗(yàn)啟動(dòng)條件有效性的衡量指標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)同時(shí)還測量了被試的未來情景思維能力、抑制控制能力以及工作記憶以探究這三者對于未來情景思維降低延遲折扣的影響。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):1、與延遲折扣內(nèi)容相關(guān)的未來情景思維并不能更好的降低延遲折扣選擇延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的傾向;2、積極情緒下的未來情景思維可以更好的提升個(gè)體的延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的選擇傾向,消極情緒的未來情景思維則反而會(huì)抑制未來情景思維對延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的選擇傾向的提升作用;3、未來情景思維能力更強(qiáng)的個(gè)體會(huì)有更加生動(dòng)的未來情景思維體驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Episodic Future Thinking is a vivid and situational simulation of future events. The delay discount (Delay Discounting) refers to the gradual decrease in the subjective value of the reward, discounts, and the delay discount as a measure of the individual when an individual can not get some rewards immediately. The more effective indicators of impulsiveness, the greater the tendency of delay discounts, the higher the impulsiveness of the individual. At present, there has been a study showing that future situational thinking can effectively change the behavior performance of the individual's delay discounting task, that is, the subjective value of the individual in the delay discount task is delayed after the future scenario thinking. However, the following problems still exist in the study. First, some of these studies use content related future situational thinking and some studies do not, and do not study the relevance of future situational thinking to delayed discounts. It is not clear whether the future scenario thinking can better reduce the individual delay discounts when the content is related. Second, the existing research shows that the future scenario thinking of positive emotion can better reduce the individual delay discount (compared with neutral emotion), but does not study the future situational thinking involving negative emotions, and also No study through different titers, to induce negative emotions, positive emotions, future situational thinking, and not clear the difference in the reduction of individual delay discounts. Third, in the present study, the future of different emotional intensity and vividness. The effect of situational thinking on the reduction of individual delay discounts has not been consistent. Some studies have gained the stronger emotional intensity, the higher the liveliness of the future scenario thinking to lower the delay discounts, and some studies do not conclude such a conclusion; finally, the individual's cognitive ability (including feelings) The impact of view thinking ability, inhibition control and working memory) in future situational thinking on the reduction of delayed discounts is also not clear. Therefore, this study explores the above problems. This study uses two factors mixed experiments to study 87 undergraduates, two of which are divided into emotional start and content correlation, the former is a subject. The inter variable (three levels: positive emotional start, negative mood start and merciless start), and the latter (two levels: content related and content independent). The experiment was randomly divided into three groups. First, the subjects were given the experiment to provide the future situational thinking of the site, and the subjects were provided with different clues to them. The emotional and content relevance of the thinking of the future scenario is manipulated: when the subjects are thinking about the future scenario, the content related hints are given to make the participants imagine (the content related) to consume the location (content related) or the imagination of the items that may exist in the site. Unrelated future situational thinking; at the same time, it was provided to the subjects' emotional evoked words to manipulate the emotional valence of the subjects, in which the positive emotional startup group and the negative emotional start group provided the vocabulary to induce positive and negative emotions, while the non emotional startup group had no hints. After thinking about the future situation, The subjects were chosen between the immediate fixed Award (20 yuan on the day of the experiment) and the delayed Award (for example: 10 days after 25 yuan, etc.), and recorded the ratio of delayed rewards in the delayed discounts of the subjects at various experimental levels. Then the subjects were given the emotional enthusiasm, intensity and vividness induced by the future scenario thinking. The effect of emotional enthusiasm as a measure of the effectiveness of the experimental start-up conditions was measured. The experiment also measured the future situational thinking ability, control ability and working memory to explore the effect of the three parties on the delay discounts of future situational thinking reduction. The results found that 1, related to the delay discounts. Situational thinking can not reduce the tendency of delayed reward choice better. 2, future situational thinking under positive emotion can improve the choice tendency of individual delayed reward better. The future scenario thinking of negative emotion will inhibit the promotion effect of future situational thinking on the choice tendency of delayed reward; 3. Individuals with stronger situational thinking will have more vivid future situational thinking experience.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.2

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本文編號(hào)：1851199