本文選題：教育公平　切入點(diǎn)：多校劃片　出處：《地理學(xué)報(bào)》2017年08期

【摘要】：空間優(yōu)化正從地理學(xué)的一個(gè)研究方向成為學(xué)科分支,但公平導(dǎo)向的公共服務(wù)空間分配優(yōu)化研究還較薄弱。學(xué)區(qū)配置是這方面的一個(gè)典型問(wèn)題,受到社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。針對(duì)"多校劃片"的隨機(jī)入學(xué)方式,以各居住小區(qū)所獲得的教育質(zhì)量期望值的方差來(lái)定義入學(xué)指標(biāo)空間分配的公平程度,構(gòu)建了以該方差最小化為目標(biāo)、包含最大上學(xué)距離約束的二次規(guī)劃模型,探求各小區(qū)對(duì)所獲得指標(biāo)進(jìn)行隨機(jī)抽簽的情景下,各校入學(xué)指標(biāo)在各小區(qū)的公平最大化分配,并以北京市石景山區(qū)為案例進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用研究。結(jié)果表明,在維持學(xué)校布局和師資配置現(xiàn)狀的前提下,與"就近入學(xué)"相比,公平最大化的"多校劃片"能以有限的上學(xué)距離代價(jià),顯著降低教育分配的空間差異。在最大上學(xué)距離為5 km的約束下,各小區(qū)教育質(zhì)量期望值的方差降幅高達(dá)99%,教育質(zhì)量期望值有所提升的小區(qū)或?qū)W生比例高達(dá)約2/3;付出的上學(xué)距離代價(jià)較顯著但可接受,平均上學(xué)距離增加到3.99倍,達(dá)到3.20 km,仍低于案例區(qū)實(shí)際平均上學(xué)距離。當(dāng)模型的最大上學(xué)距離參數(shù)從5 km逐步增至8 km時(shí),教育公平的改善呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng),平均上學(xué)距離呈算數(shù)增長(zhǎng);當(dāng)距離為7 km時(shí),各小區(qū)教育質(zhì)量期望值的方差趨近于0,可基本實(shí)現(xiàn)上學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)的空間均等化。本文進(jìn)一步討論了優(yōu)化結(jié)果對(duì)入學(xué)政策的啟示。
[Abstract]:Spatial optimization is becoming a branch of discipline from a research direction of geography, but the research of equitably oriented spatial allocation of public services is still weak.The allocation of school district is a typical problem in this area, which has received wide attention from the society.In view of the random entrance method of "multi-school drawing" and the variance of the expected value of educational quality obtained in each residential area, the fair degree of space allocation of entrance index is defined, and the goal of minimizing the variance is constructed.The quadratic programming model, which includes the maximum distance constraint, is used to find out the fairness and maximization of the allocation of each school entrance index in each district under the situation of random drawing of the obtained indicators.And taking Shijingshan District of Beijing as an example, the application research is carried out.The results show that, on the premise of maintaining the present situation of school layout and teacher allocation, compared with the "nearest entrance", the "multi-school slice" with fair maximization can significantly reduce the spatial difference of education allocation at the cost of limited distance to school.Under the constraint of the maximum distance of 5 km, the variance of the expected value of education quality in each district decreased as high as 99%, and the proportion of students or community with higher expectation value of education quality reached about 2 / 3, and the cost of distance from school was significant but acceptable.The average school distance increased to 3.99 times and reached 3.20 km, which is still lower than the actual average school distance in the case area.When the maximum distance parameter of the model increases from 5 km to 8 km, the improvement of educational equity increases exponentially and the average distance from school to school increases exponentially, and when the distance is 7 km,The variance of the expected value of educational quality in each district approaches zero, which can basically realize the spatial equalization of school opportunities.This paper further discusses the implications of the optimization results for the entrance policy.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)部地理學(xué)院;
【基金】：中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金資助(2015KJJCB30)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G521

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本文編號(hào)：1727998