本文選題：教育公平　切入點：多校劃片　出處：《地理學報》2017年08期

【摘要】：空間優(yōu)化正從地理學的一個研究方向成為學科分支,但公平導向的公共服務空間分配優(yōu)化研究還較薄弱。學區(qū)配置是這方面的一個典型問題,受到社會的廣泛關注。針對"多校劃片"的隨機入學方式,以各居住小區(qū)所獲得的教育質量期望值的方差來定義入學指標空間分配的公平程度,構建了以該方差最小化為目標、包含最大上學距離約束的二次規(guī)劃模型,探求各小區(qū)對所獲得指標進行隨機抽簽的情景下,各校入學指標在各小區(qū)的公平最大化分配,并以北京市石景山區(qū)為案例進行了應用研究。結果表明,在維持學校布局和師資配置現(xiàn)狀的前提下,與"就近入學"相比,公平最大化的"多校劃片"能以有限的上學距離代價,顯著降低教育分配的空間差異。在最大上學距離為5 km的約束下,各小區(qū)教育質量期望值的方差降幅高達99%,教育質量期望值有所提升的小區(qū)或學生比例高達約2/3;付出的上學距離代價較顯著但可接受,平均上學距離增加到3.99倍,達到3.20 km,仍低于案例區(qū)實際平均上學距離。當模型的最大上學距離參數(shù)從5 km逐步增至8 km時,教育公平的改善呈指數(shù)增長,平均上學距離呈算數(shù)增長;當距離為7 km時,各小區(qū)教育質量期望值的方差趨近于0,可基本實現(xiàn)上學機會的空間均等化。本文進一步討論了優(yōu)化結果對入學政策的啟示。
[Abstract]:Spatial optimization is becoming a branch of discipline from a research direction of geography, but the research of equitably oriented spatial allocation of public services is still weak.The allocation of school district is a typical problem in this area, which has received wide attention from the society.In view of the random entrance method of "multi-school drawing" and the variance of the expected value of educational quality obtained in each residential area, the fair degree of space allocation of entrance index is defined, and the goal of minimizing the variance is constructed.The quadratic programming model, which includes the maximum distance constraint, is used to find out the fairness and maximization of the allocation of each school entrance index in each district under the situation of random drawing of the obtained indicators.And taking Shijingshan District of Beijing as an example, the application research is carried out.The results show that, on the premise of maintaining the present situation of school layout and teacher allocation, compared with the "nearest entrance", the "multi-school slice" with fair maximization can significantly reduce the spatial difference of education allocation at the cost of limited distance to school.Under the constraint of the maximum distance of 5 km, the variance of the expected value of education quality in each district decreased as high as 99%, and the proportion of students or community with higher expectation value of education quality reached about 2 / 3, and the cost of distance from school was significant but acceptable.The average school distance increased to 3.99 times and reached 3.20 km, which is still lower than the actual average school distance in the case area.When the maximum distance parameter of the model increases from 5 km to 8 km, the improvement of educational equity increases exponentially and the average distance from school to school increases exponentially, and when the distance is 7 km,The variance of the expected value of educational quality in each district approaches zero, which can basically realize the spatial equalization of school opportunities.This paper further discusses the implications of the optimization results for the entrance policy.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學地理科學學部地理學院;
【基金】：中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務費專項資金資助(2015KJJCB30)~~
【分類號】：G521

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本文編號：1727998