本文選題：農(nóng)村人力資本　切入點：教育回報　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：本文基于中國居民收入項目調(diào)查提供的CHIP數(shù)據(jù),采用Heckman兩階段樣本選擇模型,實證研究了中國農(nóng)村居民的教育回報及其變動趨勢,探討了農(nóng)村地區(qū)人力資本梯度升級的現(xiàn)實意義。實證結(jié)果表明:農(nóng)村居民的收入水平與受教育程度存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系;由于樣本選擇性偏差與遺漏變量的存在,致使OLS所估計的教育回報,存在向下與向上兩種形式的估計偏誤;在控制性別、民族、婚姻、政治面貌等個體差異后,調(diào)整后的明瑟收益函數(shù)顯示出農(nóng)村人力資本的整體教育回報率呈現(xiàn)不斷上升的趨勢;中等教育6.55%的教育回報率表明,投資于初中教育及高中教育,可實現(xiàn)個人教育投資收益的最大化,但我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)卻存在著一定程度的初中教育"回流"現(xiàn)象;而高等教育私人收益雖具備了較高的增值屬性,但人力資本結(jié)構(gòu)中的大學(xué)以上層級勞動力的比重較小,有必要通過義務(wù)教育的鞏固、高中教育的普及與高等教育的延展,推動農(nóng)村地區(qū)人力資本的梯度升級,逐步縮減教育收益的層級差別,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村居民組內(nèi)收入差距的均質(zhì)收斂。
[Abstract]:Based on the CHIP data provided by the Chinese resident income Project Survey, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage sample selection model to empirically study the educational returns and their changing trends of Chinese rural residents.This paper discusses the practical significance of the gradient upgrading of human capital in rural areas.The empirical results show that there is a positive correlation between the income level of rural residents and the level of education, because of the bias of sample selectivity and the existence of missing variables, there is a downward and upward bias in the estimation of the educational return estimated by OLS.After controlling for individual differences in gender, nationality, marriage and political outlook, the adjusted Mengther income function shows a rising trend in the overall return on education of rural human capital; 6.55% of the return on secondary education shows that,Investing in junior high school education and senior high school education can maximize the income from personal education investment, but in rural areas of China, there exists a phenomenon of "return" of junior high school education, while the private income of higher education has a higher value-added attribute.However, the proportion of labor force at or above university level in the structure of human capital is relatively small, so it is necessary to promote the gradient upgrading of human capital in rural areas through the consolidation of compulsory education, the popularization of high school education and the extension of higher education.Gradually reduce the hierarchical difference of educational income and promote the homogeneous convergence of income gap in rural residents.
【作者單位】： 南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院/公共財政研究中心;南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“基于學(xué)生發(fā)展方向的我國博士生教育質(zhì)量評價模型構(gòu)建及實證研究——以涉農(nóng)學(xué)科為例”(71573128)
【分類號】：G40-054

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