發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-29 10:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 資源分配 兒童 學(xué)齡前 面孔吸引力 公平　出處：《中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué)》2017年14期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的考察面孔吸引力對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童分配情境下公平行為的影響。方法于2013年6—7月在北京市某幼兒園隨機(jī)選擇4歲、6歲兒童各40名,進(jìn)行第三方分配任務(wù)。被試在每個(gè)試次中看到不同的一組照片,一張為面孔吸引力程度高,一張為面孔吸引力程度低。被試要對(duì)每組中兩名接受者分配代幣,分配數(shù)量分別為1、2、3顆,每個(gè)數(shù)量分配兩次,共6個(gè)試次。采用重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析兒童對(duì)不同面孔吸引力程度的接受者分配代幣的數(shù)量。結(jié)果重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析結(jié)果顯示,面孔吸引力程度與年齡交互作用顯著[F_((1,76))=15.55,P0.05];簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),4 歲兒童分配給面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代幣數(shù)量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.93,P=0.43);6 歲兒童偏好分配給面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=27.84,P0.01)。分配1顆代幣時(shí),面孔吸引力程度主效應(yīng)顯著[F_((1,76))=5.85,P0.05]。分配2顆代幣時(shí),面孔吸引力與年齡交互作用顯著[F_((1,76))=11.63,P0.05];簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),4歲兒童分配給面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代幣數(shù)量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.27,P=0.60);6歲兒童偏好分配給面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=28.56,P0.01)。分配3顆代幣時(shí),面孔吸引力程度與年齡交互作用顯著[F_((1,76))=7.04,P0.05];簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),4歲兒童分配給面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代幣數(shù)量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.03,P=0.86);6歲兒童偏好分配給面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=15.41,P0.01)。結(jié)論接受者的面孔吸引力會(huì)影響學(xué)齡前兒童的公平分配行為。隨著年齡增長(zhǎng),兒童越來越偏愛分給面孔吸引力程度高的接受者更多資源。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effect of facial attractiveness on the fair behavior of preschool children in the context of distribution. Methods from June to July, 2013, 40 children aged 4 to 6 years old were randomly selected from a kindergarten in Beijing. The subjects saw a different set of photos in each group, one was the face attractive degree, the other was the face attraction degree. The subjects were asked to distribute the token to the two recipients in each group. The assigned amount was 1 / 2 and 3 / 2 respectively, and each quantity was allocated twice. A total of 6 tests were conducted. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the number of tokens allocated by recipients with different facial attractiveness. The interaction between facial attractiveness and age is significant. [(1) P05 / 5 (P < 0.05); Simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the number of tokens allocated to recipients with high and low facial attractiveness in children aged 4 years old. There was no significant difference in the number of coins allocated to recipients with high facial attractiveness and low facial attractiveness. 6 year old children preferred to be assigned to recipients with high facial attractiveness. The main effect of face attractiveness was significant when one token was allocated. [The interaction between face attractiveness and age is significant when two generations of coins are allocated. [(P < 0.05); Simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the number of tokens allocated to recipients with high and low facial attractiveness in children aged 4 years old, and there was no significant difference in the number of coins allocated to recipients with high facial attractiveness and low facial attractiveness. Children aged 6 years prefer to be assigned to recipients with high facial attractiveness. When three tokens are allocated, the interaction between facial attractiveness and age is significant. [(P < 0.05); Simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the number of tokens allocated to recipients with high and low facial attractiveness in children aged 4 years old, and there was no significant difference in the number of coins allocated to recipients with high facial attractiveness and low facial attractiveness. Children aged 6 years preferred to be assigned to recipients with a high degree of facial attractiveness. Conclusion the face attractiveness of the recipients will affect the fair distribution behavior of preschool children. With the increase of age, the children are more and more inclined to give more resources to the recipients with the higher facial attractiveness.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院行為科學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);丹麥奧爾堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)與哲學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31000469)
【分類號(hào)】：B844.1
【正文快照】： 公平是道德的核心,是社會(huì)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、生物學(xué)和心理學(xué)等多學(xué)科共同關(guān)注的話題。近年來,心理學(xué)研究者對(duì)兒童公平行為的關(guān)注增多,兒童在分配情境下的公平行為愈加受到重視。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童對(duì)公平的偏好,早在嬰兒期就表現(xiàn)出來,12~18個(gè)月的嬰兒表現(xiàn)出對(duì)公平分配行為的敏感性,并對(duì)公，

本文編號(hào)：1473160