本文關(guān)鍵詞：美英智庫(kù)參與教育政策過(guò)程研究　出處：《沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：智庫(kù)在西方一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家起步較早,發(fā)展比較成熟,特別是在美國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)家,智庫(kù)生成的咨詢與策劃業(yè),已經(jīng)形成相當(dāng)規(guī)模的產(chǎn)業(yè)群,不但成為經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的一個(gè)十分重要的組成部分,對(duì)國(guó)家的政治,文化等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域也有相當(dāng)大的影響。英美智庫(kù)是開放的政治體制,可以更多的形成具有專家聲音的建議和意見(jiàn),通過(guò)多種多樣的方式以及渠道來(lái)反映出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。美國(guó)、英國(guó)智庫(kù)智庫(kù)法律法規(guī)相對(duì)完善,并且資金來(lái)源渠道多元,力求獨(dú)立。在英美國(guó)家,智庫(kù)可以說(shuō)是參與政策制定過(guò)程的核心,無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻的通過(guò)自己的影響力影響著國(guó)家政策的制定,同時(shí)智庫(kù)對(duì)教育的影響力也非常之巨大并且比較成熟。美國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)智庫(kù)在教育政策形成過(guò)程中有著多種多樣的影響。在教育政策中,智庫(kù)不僅進(jìn)行著產(chǎn)生新思想的理論研究,還針對(duì)教育現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生的種種難題提供解決思路。同時(shí),西方等國(guó)的"旋轉(zhuǎn)門"機(jī)制不僅給智庫(kù)發(fā)揮影響力提供了一方便的渠道,還增強(qiáng)了政府決策的效能。同時(shí),智庫(kù)一方面通過(guò)多種方式引導(dǎo)輿論走向,影響大眾的觀點(diǎn),達(dá)到影響決策的作用。另一方面也常借助大眾傳媒影響政策。美國(guó)、英國(guó)智庫(kù)在參與教育政策過(guò)程的各個(gè)階段路徑比較完整,內(nèi)容相對(duì)比較成熟。如美國(guó)智庫(kù)在參與某一項(xiàng)政策決策時(shí)都具由非常明確的目標(biāo)性,它們的最終目標(biāo)都在于幫助服務(wù)對(duì)象改進(jìn)其決策的水平,提高其決策的質(zhì)量。同美國(guó)、英國(guó)智庫(kù)的綜合能力及影響力對(duì)比來(lái)看,中國(guó)智庫(kù)在建設(shè)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都才剛剛起步,綜合能力及研究實(shí)力都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及歐美等國(guó),在參與教育政策的過(guò)程中,對(duì)決策的咨詢、社會(huì)效益轉(zhuǎn)化的渠道不夠暢通、效率不高、傳播力、影響力還不大。我國(guó)智庫(kù)建言獻(xiàn)策的影響力還不夠,服務(wù)決策的能力也有所欠缺。其次,人才流通性不強(qiáng),我國(guó)"旋轉(zhuǎn)門"制度還不通常,無(wú)法達(dá)成美國(guó)英國(guó)智庫(kù)的高效,雖然部分退休官員已從行政體系流動(dòng)到智庫(kù)體系,但這僅僅是單一渠道的流通。另外,開放程度不高,制約國(guó)際化水平和國(guó)際影響力提升。因此,提高決策的科學(xué)化對(duì)于國(guó)家治理具有重大意義。同時(shí)扶植多元智庫(kù)類型,打破我國(guó)官方智庫(kù)壟斷"市場(chǎng)"的局面,大力發(fā)展獨(dú)立、專業(yè)、自由的民間智庫(kù),必須要形成多元智庫(kù)的競(jìng)相發(fā)展、形成各自特色發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢(shì)的局面。
[Abstract]:Think tanks in some developed countries in the West started early and developed more mature, especially in the United States, Britain and other countries, the consultation and planning industry generated by think tanks, has formed a considerable scale of industrial clusters. Not only become a very important part of the economic system, but also have a considerable impact on national politics, culture and other fields. The British and American think-tank is an open political system. More advice and opinions with expert voice can be formed, through a variety of ways and channels to reflect the problems. Think tanks in the United States, Britain and the laws and regulations are relatively perfect. In the Anglo-American countries, think tanks can be said to be the core of participating in the process of policy making, and influence the formulation of national policies through their own influence all the time. At the same time, the influence of think tanks on education is very great and mature. Think tanks in the United States, Britain and other countries have a variety of influences in the process of education policy formation. Think tanks not only carry out theoretical research to produce new ideas, but also provide solutions to various problems arising from the current educational situation. At the same time. The "revolving door" mechanism of the West and other countries not only provides a convenient channel for the think-tanks to exert their influence, but also enhances the effectiveness of government decision-making. On the one hand, the think-tanks guide public opinion in various ways. On the other hand, we often use the mass media to influence policy. The United States and Britain think tanks participate in the process of education policy in each stage of the path is relatively complete. The content is relatively mature. For example, when participating in a policy decision, think tanks in the United States have very clear objectives, and their ultimate goal is to help the clients to improve the level of their decisions. Compared with the comprehensive ability and influence of the United States and the British think tanks, the Chinese think tanks have just started in every aspect of their construction, and their comprehensive ability and research strength are far from those of Europe and the United States and other countries. In the process of participating in the education policy, the channels of social benefit transformation are not smooth enough, the efficiency is not high, the dissemination power is not high, the influence is not enough, and the influence of our country think tank's advice and advice is not enough. The ability of service decision-making is also lacking. Secondly, the talent circulation is not strong, the "revolving door" system in our country is not normal, which can not achieve the high efficiency of the American and British think-tank. Although some retired officials have moved from the administrative system to the think-tank system, this is only a single channel of circulation. In addition, the degree of openness is not high, restricting the level of internationalization and international influence. It is of great significance to improve the scientific decision-making for the governance of the country. At the same time, we should foster the types of multiple think-tanks, break the situation of monopoly of the "market" by our country's official think tanks, and vigorously develop independent, professional and free folk think tanks. It is necessary to form a competitive development of multiple think tanks and form a situation in which their respective characteristics give play to their respective advantages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G510

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