本文關(guān)鍵詞：比例原則視角下地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制合理化研究——以農(nóng)作物秸稈禁燒為切入點(diǎn)　出處：《中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年12期 　論文類型：期刊論文

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【摘要】：地方政府作為行政區(qū)劃內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的法定責(zé)任主體,其環(huán)境保護(hù)義務(wù)的有效履行與行政規(guī)則的合理化程度密切相關(guān)。然而現(xiàn)階段以"農(nóng)作物秸稈露天禁燒和綜合利用"為代表的地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制,普遍存在規(guī)制目的錯(cuò)位、規(guī)制手段單一、利益衡量片面等合理性欠缺的問(wèn)題,不僅致使環(huán)境公共利益的緩慢增進(jìn)、治理成本的高額投入與民眾的熱切期許難以協(xié)調(diào),且環(huán)境行政規(guī)制自身的效能、效率、公平性等方面亦無(wú)法兼顧。探究地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制合理化欠缺的癥結(jié),規(guī)制目的—手段的錯(cuò)位不容忽視。比例原則作為公法上普遍適用的重要原則之一強(qiáng)調(diào)規(guī)制目的與手段的理性平衡,其包含的妥當(dāng)性、必要性、均衡性內(nèi)涵分別從目的導(dǎo)向、實(shí)效導(dǎo)向、價(jià)值導(dǎo)向?qū)π姓䴔?quán)力的行使進(jìn)行規(guī)范。借助主權(quán)性權(quán)力實(shí)施的地方政府環(huán)境行政規(guī)制行為,應(yīng)將比例原則作為地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制理念及制度設(shè)計(jì)的價(jià)值取向之一,方能扭轉(zhuǎn)官僚群體目的理性約束下規(guī)制目的的形式正當(dāng)導(dǎo)向、傳統(tǒng)思維固化下規(guī)制手段的命令控制型偏好、行政權(quán)力主導(dǎo)下規(guī)制利益的衡量缺失。具體而言,首先明確生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理責(zé)任,以動(dòng)態(tài)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量實(shí)效考察促使地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制將維護(hù)環(huán)境公共利益作為規(guī)制目的正當(dāng)性的唯一考量;其次從增進(jìn)環(huán)境公共利益出發(fā)"多元因應(yīng)"規(guī)制手段,將規(guī)制機(jī)關(guān)與被規(guī)制者在信息交流中達(dá)成的合意理性作為確定最小侵害手段的重要基礎(chǔ);最后實(shí)現(xiàn)地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制的利益均衡,不僅強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)整體利益與環(huán)境公共利益的均衡,更應(yīng)通過(guò)公眾參與的程序正當(dāng)確保公平分配環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)。
[Abstract]:The local government as the environmental quality of administrative divisions within the statutory responsibility, the obligation of environmental protection is closely related to the effective implementation of the rationalization degree and administrative rules. However, at this stage in order to "open and comprehensive utilization of crop straw Jinshao" as the representative of the local environmental administrative regulation, universal regulation regulation dislocation, means a single, one-sided measure of interest the problem of the lack of rationality, not only resulting in the environmental public interest slowly increase, eager expectations high input and public governance costs is difficult to coordinate, and environmental administrative regulation their effectiveness, efficiency, fairness and other aspects also can not take into account. The exploration of the local environmental administrative regulation rationalization lack the crux of the purpose of regulation means is not misplaced the principle of proportionality is ignored. The rational balance is one of the important principles of the public law on regulation of purpose and means, it includes properly When necessary, the connotation of equalization, respectively from the objective oriented, efficiency oriented, value oriented to regulate the exercise of administrative power. With the help of sovereign power to the implementation of local government environmental administrative regulation should be the principle of proportion as the local environmental administrative regulation system design idea and the value orientation of the party, to form reverse regulation objective to rational bureaucratic group under the constraint of proper orientation, traditional thinking curing means to regulate the command and control of administrative power under the guidance of preference, the lack of regulation of interest measure. Specifically, the first clear ecological environment quality supervision and management responsibilities to the environment quality of the actual investigation prompted the local environmental administrative regulation to protect environmental public interest as only consider the purpose of regulation of legitimacy; secondly improve environmental public interests "for multiple" means of regulation, regulatory agencies and will be regulated Rational consensus reached in the system of information communication as an important basis for determining the minimum infringement means; finally to achieve balance of interests of local environmental administrative regulation, not only emphasizes the interests of the whole society and environment public interests should be balanced, through public participation in the proper procedures to ensure fair distribution of the burden on the environment.

【作者單位】： 中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項(xiàng)目“環(huán)境法律主體研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):10JJD820006)
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68
【正文快照】： 近年來(lái)因“霧霾”危害凸顯秸稈焚燒再次受到廣泛關(guān)注,各地政府均積極從事秸稈禁燒規(guī)制。然而此態(tài)勢(shì)下露天焚燒秸稈的行為仍屢禁不止,更有農(nóng)民因此而被行政拘留[1]。長(zhǎng)期的治理投入、農(nóng)民對(duì)禁燒措施的激烈反應(yīng)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量的緩慢改善等合理性欠缺表征集中暴露出地方環(huán)境行政規(guī)制

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