【摘要】： 目的：社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展以及開放社會中多元文化沖擊,社會上出現(xiàn)了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的單親家庭。單親家庭結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,限制了其功能的發(fā)揮,容易對其子女成長產(chǎn)生影響。有文獻報道：6－12歲兒童開始接受只與一方家長共同生活的事實并減少自責(zé),但仍有被拋棄感,而且學(xué)業(yè)受到影響。12－18歲的青少年,遇到這種情況后,常有空虛、害怕、注意力渙散等焦慮情感的表現(xiàn)[1]。而天津市9-16歲的單親中小學(xué)生的現(xiàn)狀又是如何呢?本研究首次調(diào)查天津市單親中小學(xué)生現(xiàn)狀、他們的心理健康現(xiàn)狀以及分析影響他們心理健康狀況的相關(guān)因素。 方法：本研究于2009年5月5日至2009年10月16日采取問卷調(diào)查的方法對1800余名學(xué)生進行心理健康狀況調(diào)查,這些學(xué)生是按照分層隨機整群抽樣的方法從天津市內(nèi)六區(qū)12所中小學(xué)校合計36個班級內(nèi)抽樣出的。問卷調(diào)查的內(nèi)容包括：學(xué)生一般情況調(diào)查、《心理健康診斷測驗》(簡稱MHT量表)、父母教養(yǎng)方式評價量表(EMBU)、自卑感量表(The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale,FIS)、癥狀自評量表(SCL-90)(家長填寫)。 結(jié)果：本次研究共收回有效問卷1522份,在1522份有效問卷中有165份單親學(xué)生的問卷,占總體的10.8%。①和平區(qū)的單親學(xué)生的比例最高為：12.85%；②單親學(xué)生心理健康問題檢出率與雙親學(xué)生檢出率之比接近2：1,兩者的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=4.21,P0.001)；③單親學(xué)生的MHT在對人焦慮、孤獨傾向、過敏傾向、身體癥狀、恐怖傾向、沖動傾向六個方面以及總分方面的得分均明顯高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=3.03-4.81,P0.01)。在學(xué)習(xí)焦慮與自責(zé)傾向兩個方面單親學(xué)生的得分也高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.53,P=＝0.01；t=2.21,P=＝0.03)；④小學(xué)階段單親學(xué)生MHT在對人焦慮、孤獨傾向、身體癥狀、恐怖傾向、沖動傾向方面以及總分方面的得分均明顯高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.68～3.56,P0.01)。小學(xué)階段單親學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、過敏傾向方面的得分也高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.42,P=0.02；t=2.51,P=0.01)；⑤初中階段單親學(xué)生MHT在總分方面的得分明顯高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=3.14,P=0.00)。初中階段單親學(xué)生在孤獨傾向、自責(zé)傾向、過敏傾向、恐怖傾向、沖動傾向方面的得分高于雙親學(xué)生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-2.17-2.48,P0.05)；⑥單親男生在過敏傾向、身體癥狀、恐怖傾向、沖動傾向方面以及總分方面的得分均明顯高于雙親男生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.85～3.78,P0.01)。單親男生在學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、對人焦慮方面的得分也高于雙親男生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.11,P=0.03；t=2.59,P=0.01)；⑦單親女生在總分方面的得分明顯高于雙親女生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=2.96,P=0.00)。單親女生在孤獨傾向、過敏傾向、身體癥狀和沖動傾向方面的得分也高于雙親女生的得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t＝2.15～2.50,P0.05)；⑧在學(xué)習(xí)焦慮方面,父母文化程度是大學(xué)組與是大專組的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.04),在對人焦慮、自責(zé)傾向、過敏傾向方面,父母文化程度是大學(xué)組與是中專組的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(p=0.02,P=0.00,P=0.00)。在恐怖傾向方面,父母文化程度是大學(xué)組與是中專組的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.01),⑨在父親懲罰嚴(yán)厲、過分干涉、拒絕否認(rèn)和過度保護四個因子得分上,問題組和健康組的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-2.17～-4.04,P0.05)。在母親過分干涉保護、拒絕否認(rèn)和懲罰嚴(yán)厲三個因子得分上,問題組和健康組的差異也有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-3.17～－3.85,P0.01)；⑩經(jīng)多元逐步回歸分析,父親的EMBU的拒絕否認(rèn)對單親學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、對人焦慮、孤獨、自責(zé)、過敏、身體癥狀、恐怖、沖動、自卑有正向預(yù)測作用(P0.01)。父親的過度保護對單親學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、自責(zé)傾向有正向預(yù)測作用(P0.05)。父親的情感溫暖對自卑有負(fù)向預(yù)測作用(P=0.007)。母親拒絕否認(rèn)對單親學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、對人焦慮、孤獨、自責(zé)、過敏有正向預(yù)測作用(P0.05)。母親EMBU的懲罰嚴(yán)厲對過敏、身體癥狀、恐怖、沖動有正向預(yù)測作用(P0.05)。母親過分干涉、保護對學(xué)習(xí)焦慮、對人焦慮有正向預(yù)測作用(P0.05)。母親情感溫暖對自卑有負(fù)向預(yù)測作用(P=0.000)。 結(jié)論：①隨著年級的增高天津市單親學(xué)生的比例有逐漸增加的趨勢；②單親學(xué)生心理健康問題多于雙親學(xué)生,具體表現(xiàn)在對人焦慮、孤獨傾向、過敏傾向、身體癥狀、恐怖傾向、沖動傾向和自卑等方面；③單親學(xué)生心理健康問題的產(chǎn)生與父母的低文化程度和父母的自身適應(yīng)能力差有關(guān)；還與父親拒絕否認(rèn)、過度保護、母親拒絕否認(rèn)、懲罰嚴(yán)厲等教養(yǎng)方式有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the social and economic development and the multi-cultural impact in the open society, and a significant number of single-parent families appeared in the society. The structure of single-parent families is incomplete, the function of the single-parent families is limited, and their children's growth can be easily affected. Children in the age of 6 to 12 begin to accept the fact that they only live with one parent and to reduce self-blame, but still have a sense of abandonment and have an impact on their studies. The expression of anxiety, such as attention, and the like[1]. And what about the present situation of single and middle school students in Tianjin from 9 to 16 years? This study first investigated the status of single-parent primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, their mental health status and their related factors that influence their mental health. Methods: The mental health status of more than 1,800 students was investigated by a questionnaire survey from May 5,2009 to October 16,2009. The contents of the questionnaire include: the general survey of the students, the (the MHT scale), the Parental Rearing Pattern Evaluation Scale (EMBU), The Feelings of Inady Scale (FIS), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) (parents Results: In this study,1522 questionnaires were collected, with 165 single-parent students in 1522 valid questionnaires, accounting for total The proportion of single-parent students in Heping District was 12.85%, the ratio of the positive rate of mental health of single-parent students to the positive rate of parent students was close to 2:1, the difference of the two was statistically significant (Z = 4.21, P0.001), and the MHT of single-parent students was in the sense of anxiety and loneliness. The scores of the tendency, the allergic tendency, the physical symptoms, the fear tendency, the impulse tendency and the total score were significantly higher than that of the parents, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.03-4.81 (P = 0.01). The scores of single-parent students in the two aspects of learning anxiety and self-blame tend to be higher than that of both parents (t = 2.53, P = = 0.01; t = 2.21, P = = 0.03); and the single-parent student MHT at the primary stage of the primary school is on the anxiety of the person, the tendency of the loneliness, the body, The scores of symptoms, the tendency of terror, the tendency of impulse and the total score were significantly higher than those of both parents (t = 2.68-3.56). (P = 0.02; t = 2.51, P = 0.01); The scores and differences of both parents were of statistical significance (t = 3.14, The score of single-parent students in junior middle school was higher than that of both parents in the tendency of loneliness, self-accusation, sensitivity, tendency of terror, and impulse tendency (t =-2.17-2.48, P0.05). The scores of symptoms, the tendency of terror, the tendency of impulse and the total score were significantly higher than that of both parents (t = 2.85-3.78). (P = 0.03; t = 2.59, P = 0.01); the scores of single-parent and single-parent girls were significantly higher than that of both parents (t = 2.96, P = 0.03; t = 2.59, P = 0.01). P = 0.00). The scores of single-parent girls in the tendency of loneliness, allergy, physical symptoms and impulse were also higher than that of both parents (t = 2.15-2.50, P0.05). In the aspect of learning anxiety, the degree of parental culture is the difference between the college group and the college group (P = 0.04), and the degree of parental culture is the difference between the college group and the secondary school group (p = 0.02, P = 0.00, P = 0.00). In the aspect of the tendency of terror, the degree of parental culture is the difference between the university group and the secondary school group (P = 0.01), and the difference between the problem group and the health group is of statistical significance (t =-2.17 ~-4.04) in the case of the father's punishment for severe, excessive interference, refusal to deny and overprotection of the four factors. The difference between the group and the health group was also significant (t =-3.17 ~-3.85, P0.01). The rejection of the father's EMBU denied the study of single-parent students. Anxiety, human anxiety, loneliness, self-blame, allergy, physical symptoms, terror, impulse, low self-esteem, and positive predictive function. (P0.01). The father's over-protection has a positive predictive effect on the learning anxiety and self-blame tendency of single-parent students. (P0.05). The father's emotional warmth has a negative predictive effect on the self-esteem (P = 0.007). The mother refused to deny the positive predictive role of anxiety, anxiety, loneliness, self-blame, and sensitivity to single-parent students. (P0.05). The mother EMBU's punishment is severe for allergy, physical symptoms, terror, and impulse. (P0.05). The mother's excessive interference, the protection of the study anxiety, the positive predictive effect on the human anxiety (P0.05). The mother's emotional warmth has a negative predictive effect on the self-esteem (P Conclusion: The proportion of single-parent students in Tianjin is increasing gradually with the increase of grade, and the mental health of single-parent students is more than that of both parents. On the other hand, the problem of the mental health of single-parent students is related to the low-cultural degree of the parents and the poor self-adaptive ability of the parents, but also with the father's refusal to deny, over-protect, the mother refuses to deny,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R395.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬麗;家庭環(huán)境、教養(yǎng)方式與單親家庭高中生心理健康的關(guān)系研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2501176

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