【摘要】： 背景:人生三分之一的時間是在睡眠中度過的,睡眠與健康的關(guān)系歷來受到人們的關(guān)注。隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學的發(fā)展,心理障礙研究領(lǐng)域的關(guān)注點正由重癥向輕癥方向發(fā)展,睡眠質(zhì)量越來越引起人們的重視,因睡眠問題所帶來的醫(yī)療費用增加和工作學習效率下降已成為發(fā)達國家廣泛關(guān)注的公共衛(wèi)生問題。睡眠質(zhì)量不僅與多種精神障礙、消化性潰瘍、心血管疾病、精神活性物質(zhì)濫用等健康問題有關(guān),還可以增加死亡和意外事故的危險性。高中階段是身心發(fā)育和成熟的關(guān)鍵時期。高中生作為一個特殊的群體,承受著學習、生活諸多方面的壓力,睡眠障礙問題尤其突出,解決這一問題刻不容緩。同時,高中生焦慮抑郁情緒發(fā)生率高,開展有效的睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁研究,探討影響因素,對于維護高中生身心健康,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 目的:調(diào)查高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁的現(xiàn)狀,對比城鄉(xiāng)高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁的特點及相關(guān)因素。 方法:以城鄉(xiāng)中學為基本單位,應用標準化心理衛(wèi)生評定量表抑郁自評量表(SDS)、焦慮自評量表(SAS)、匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)及自擬基本情況調(diào)查表,采用整群抽樣的方法,抽取山東省濟南市某中學和曲阜某中學高二年級各12個班學生共1407名作為研究對象,進行睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮、抑郁和學生家庭、自身、學校相關(guān)因素調(diào)查。將調(diào)查結(jié)果整理、編碼后輸入SPSS數(shù)據(jù)庫,根據(jù)資料的性質(zhì)應用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行一般描述性分析、t檢驗、χ~2檢驗、Pearson直線相關(guān)分析和Spearman等級相關(guān)分析及多元逐步回歸分析。 結(jié)果:共調(diào)查高中生1407人,收回資料完整有效問卷1383份,其中城市685人(49.5%),農(nóng)村698(50.5%)人。 高中生睡眠障礙檢出率為14.61%,其中城市為14.01%,農(nóng)村為15。19%;PSQI總分為4.21±3.02,城市為3.87±3.12,農(nóng)村為4.55±2.89,農(nóng)村高于城市,差異具有極顯著性(P＜0.001)。實際睡眠時間最小值4.15,最大值8.26,平均為7.41±0.71,城市平均為7.34±1.56,農(nóng)村平均為7.47±0.93,差異無顯著性(P=0.074)。 焦慮總體檢出率20.31%,城市、農(nóng)村分別為27.30%、13.47%,城市高于農(nóng)村,差異具有極顯著性(P＜0.001),焦慮標準分總分為42.33±9.37,城市為43.81±10.10,農(nóng)村為40.86±8.35,城市高于農(nóng)村,差異具有極顯著性(P＜0.001)。 抑郁總體檢出率37.02%,城市、農(nóng)村分別為42.77%、31.38%,城市高于農(nóng)村,卡方檢驗差異具有極顯著性(P＜0.001),抑郁標準分總分為46.34±11.17,城市47.86±12.06,農(nóng)村44.88±10.03,城市高于農(nóng)村,差異具有極顯著性(P＜0.001)。 影響高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁情緒的家庭因素有父母健康狀況、父子關(guān)系、母子關(guān)系、父母關(guān)系、教養(yǎng)一致性、家庭學習環(huán)境、家庭周圍風氣等(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,農(nóng)村高中生主要有父親健康狀況、父母關(guān)系、家庭學習環(huán)境、家庭周圍風氣(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),城市高中生主要有父母健康狀況、父母關(guān)系、教養(yǎng)一致性、家庭周圍風氣、父子關(guān)系、母子關(guān)系(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。 影響高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁情緒的自身因素有健康狀況、個性特征、學習成績、體育鍛煉、自信心、意志力(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,農(nóng)村高中生主要有為健康狀況、學習成績、體育鍛煉、適應能力、自信心、意志力(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);城市高中生主要有健康狀況、學習成績、自信心(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。 影響高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁情緒的學校因素有學習負擔、同學關(guān)系、作業(yè)完成情況、學校風氣(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,農(nóng)村高中生主要為學習負擔、完成作業(yè)情況、學習時間、同學關(guān)系、師生關(guān)系、學校風氣(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);城市高中生主要為作業(yè)完成情況、學校風氣、學習計劃、學習負擔(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。 結(jié)論: 1.高中生睡眠障礙、焦慮抑郁情緒檢出率高,其中睡眠障礙農(nóng)村高于城市,而焦慮抑郁情緒城市高于農(nóng)村。 2.影響高中生睡眠質(zhì)量、焦慮抑郁情緒的因素有家庭因素、個人自身因素、學校相關(guān)因素,如父母健康狀況、親子關(guān)系、家庭學習環(huán)境、個性特征、身體健康狀況、自信心、學習負擔、同學關(guān)系、作業(yè)完成情況、學校風氣等。城市與農(nóng)村高中生影響因素具有一定差異性。
[Abstract]:Background: One-third of life is spent in sleep, and the relationship between sleep and health has always been of concern to people. With the development of modern medicine, the focus of psychological barrier research is being developed in the direction of intensive care, and the quality of sleep is more and more important. The increase of the medical expenses and the decline in the efficiency of work learning caused by the problems of sleep have become a public health problem of great concern to the developed countries. The quality of sleep is related not only to the health problems of various mental disorders, digestive ulceration, cardiovascular disease, and psychoactive substance abuse, but also to increase the risk of death and accidents. The high school stage is the key period of physical and mental development and maturity. As a special group, high school students are subject to the pressure of learning and living, and the problems of sleep disorder are especially prominent, and the problem of solving this problem is urgent. At the same time, the incidence of anxiety and depression in high school students is high, effective sleep quality, anxiety and depression are studied, and the influencing factors are discussed. It is of great practical significance to maintain the physical and mental health of high school students. Objective: To investigate the current situation of high school students' sleep quality and anxiety and depression, and to compare the characteristics and phases of sleep quality, anxiety and depression of high school students in urban and rural areas Methods: The standardized mental health rating scale, the self-rating scale (SDS), the anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the self-proposed basic condition questionnaire were used as the basic unit in the urban and rural secondary schools. In the method of cluster sampling,1407 students from 12 classes in a middle school of Jinan and one middle school of Qufu are taken as the study object, and the sleep quality, anxiety, depression and the students' family, themselves and the study are carried out. The related factors of the school were investigated. The results were sorted and encoded, and the SPSS database was input. The SPSS13.0 statistical software was used for general descriptive analysis, t-test,1-2 test, Pearson line-related analysis and Spearman-level correlation analysis. Results:1407 high school students were investigated, and 1383 of the total effective questionnaires were collected. Among them,685 (49.5%) were in the city, and the rural areas were in rural areas. The rate of sleep disturbance in high school students was 14.61%, of which 14.01% and 15.19% in the rural areas. The total number of PSQI was 4.21-3.02, the city was 3.87-3.12, the rural area was 4.55-2.89, and the rural area was higher than that of the city. The actual sleep time is 4.15, the maximum value is 8.26, the average is 7.41-0.71, the average urban average is 7.34-1.56, the rural average is 7.47-0.93, There was no significant difference (P = 0.074). The overall rate of anxiety was 20.31%. The urban and rural areas were 27.30% and 13.47%, respectively. The difference was significant (P <0.001). The total anxiety was 42.33-9.37, and the city was 43.81-10.10. The village is 40.86 and 8.35, and the city is higher than the peasants The overall rate of depression was 37.02%, the urban and rural areas were 42.77%, 31.38%, the urban area was higher than that in the countryside, the chi-square test difference was very significant (P <0.001), and the depression standard was divided into 46.34-11.17 and the city of 47.86-12. 06. Rural 44.88-10.03, City The family factors that affect the sleep quality, anxiety and depression of the high school students have the parents' health status, the parent-child relationship, the parent-child relationship, the relationship between parents, the consistency of the education and the family. The study environment, the atmosphere of the family and so on (P <0.05 or P <0.01), among which, the rural high school students mainly have the health status of the father, the relationship between the parents, the family learning environment, the atmosphere around the family (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the urban high school students mainly have their parents Health status, parent-to-parent relationship, well-being, and family The factors that affect the quality of sleep, anxiety and depression of high school students have health status, personality characteristics and study. (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Among them, rural high school students mainly have health status, academic achievement, physical exercise, adaptability, self-confidence, willpower (P <0.05 or P <0.01), high school students in urban areas The main health status, academic achievement, self-confidence (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The school atmosphere (P <0.05 or P <0.01), which is mainly the study burden, the completion of the operation, the time of study, the relationship between the students, the relationship between the teacher and the students and the school atmosphere (P <0. 05 or P <0.01); urban high school students mainly completion of the business Situation, school atmosphere, learning plan, learning burden (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion:1. High school The rate of sleep disorder, anxiety and depression is high, among which, the sleep disorder is higher than that of the city, and the anxiety and depression mood is higher than the rural area.2. The factors that affect the sleep quality, anxiety and depression of high school students are family factors, individual's own factors, and the related factors of the school. in that state of the parent and the parent-child, Department, Family Learning Environment, Personality, Physical Health
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R395.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 嚴虎;陳晉東;趙麗萍;伍海姍;楊怡;徐保彥;;中學生睡眠質(zhì)量與生活事件及社交焦慮[J];中國健康心理學雜志;2013年02期

2 雷開春;楊雄;;中日韓高中生的身心健康:指標、現(xiàn)狀及影響因素[J];青年研究;2011年03期

3 劉金同;張文新;王e，

本文編號：2482006