面神經(jīng)顴支、下頜緣支入肌點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用解剖學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-19 12:49
【摘要】: 目的:明確面神經(jīng)顴支、下頜緣支進(jìn)入顴肌、降口角肌的位置、方式和體表標(biāo)志。 方法:10具(20側(cè))10%甲醛固定的成人尸頭標(biāo)本,顯微解剖觀察面神經(jīng)顴支、下頜緣支的走行、分布及毗鄰,兩者分別進(jìn)入顴肌、降口角肌入肌點(diǎn)的位置及其支配方式等。建立坐標(biāo)系Ⅰ(以經(jīng)口角的水平線為X軸,經(jīng)同側(cè)眼外眥角的垂線為Y軸)和坐標(biāo)系Ⅱ(以口角為原點(diǎn),經(jīng)同側(cè)口角的水平線和垂直線分別為X和Y軸),分別測(cè)量并記錄顴支入肌支在坐標(biāo)軸Ⅰ上的位置和下頜緣支入肌支在坐標(biāo)軸Ⅱ上的位置,進(jìn)行體表定位。 結(jié)果:面神經(jīng)顴支自腮腺前上緣出腮腺,以兩支型為主(占65%,13側(cè))。淺支經(jīng)顴大肌頭側(cè)的淺面支配眼輪匝肌。深支為主干支,平均分為3.40±1.06支(2-6支),從顴大肌上1/2的深面進(jìn)入并支配該肌,入肌神經(jīng)數(shù)為6.00±1.49(3-8支)。其中最上支(Z1)和最下支(Z2)與顴大肌外緣交點(diǎn)的連線AB即顴支入肌點(diǎn)的體表投影線。面神經(jīng)下頜緣支起自頸面干,80%經(jīng)下頜角上方與咬肌后緣自腮腺前下緣淺出,以一支型為主(占60%),多數(shù)(60%)于下頜骨下緣的上方走行,跨越面血管后,平均發(fā)出3.50±1.78支(2-8支),進(jìn)入降口角肌深面,呈節(jié)段爪形或叢狀支配該肌,入肌神經(jīng)數(shù)為8.00±2.52支(5-11支)。其中最上支(M1)和最下支(M2)與降口角肌外緣交點(diǎn)的連線ab即下頜緣支入肌點(diǎn)的體表投影線。下頜緣支與頰支、頦神經(jīng)均有細(xì)小的交通支相連。 結(jié)論:根據(jù)上述結(jié)果,臨床行面部手術(shù)時(shí),在顴大肌下2/3表面分離是安全的,盡量避免在顴肌的深面進(jìn)行分離,尤其是上1/2的深面,極易損傷面神經(jīng)顴支;在其下半深面分離時(shí),應(yīng)緊貼顴大肌,以免損傷從其深面經(jīng)過(guò)的面神經(jīng)頰支。面神經(jīng)下頜緣支在走行中與下頜角、下頜骨下緣和面動(dòng)脈的關(guān)系密切,臨床可以以它們?yōu)闃?biāo)志尋找神經(jīng)并保護(hù)之。由于下頜緣支的分支從口角垂線外側(cè)大約30mm處進(jìn)入降口角肌的深面,并在頦孔附近與頦神經(jīng)有交通,因此在該部位施行手術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)注意保護(hù),以減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。
[Abstract]:Objective: to determine the location, pattern and body surface of zygomatic branch of facial nerve, mandibular marginal branch into zygomaticus muscle and descending horn muscle. Methods: ten adult cadaveric head specimens (20 sides) fixed with 10% formaldehyde were dissected to observe the zygomatic branch of facial nerve, the movement, distribution and adjoining of mandibular marginal branch, the position and innervation mode of the entry point of descending horn muscle and zygomaticus muscle respectively. Coordinate system I (horizontal line through mouth angle is X axis, and vertical line through lateral canthus angle is Y axis) and coordinate system 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2386940
[Abstract]:Objective: to determine the location, pattern and body surface of zygomatic branch of facial nerve, mandibular marginal branch into zygomaticus muscle and descending horn muscle. Methods: ten adult cadaveric head specimens (20 sides) fixed with 10% formaldehyde were dissected to observe the zygomatic branch of facial nerve, the movement, distribution and adjoining of mandibular marginal branch, the position and innervation mode of the entry point of descending horn muscle and zygomaticus muscle respectively. Coordinate system I (horizontal line through mouth angle is X axis, and vertical line through lateral canthus angle is Y axis) and coordinate system 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2386940
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