【摘要】： 目的通過對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA(People living with HIV/AIDS,艾滋病病毒感染者及病人)心理健康狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)估,編寫《農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA心理支持培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》,對(duì)PLWHA及其心理支持人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),開展互助小組活動(dòng)并全程攝像,制作《PLWHA心理支持互助小組活動(dòng)指南》光盤,為農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA心理支持工作提供借鑒。 方法采用一般狀況問卷、社會(huì)支持量表(SSS)和癥狀自評(píng)量表(SCL-90)對(duì)60名PLWHA進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查和評(píng)定,并對(duì)部分PLWHA及心理支持人員進(jìn)行個(gè)人訪談。根據(jù)訪談結(jié)果和專家咨詢意見,完善編寫《農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA心理支持培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》,應(yīng)用手冊(cè)對(duì)60名PLWHA及19名心理支持人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),由培訓(xùn)合格的心理支持人員對(duì)PLWHA進(jìn)行個(gè)體心理支持,組織PLWHA開展互助小組活動(dòng)并全程攝像制作《PLWHA心理支持互助小組活動(dòng)指南》光盤,心理支持干預(yù)后對(duì)效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。 結(jié)果(1)癥狀自評(píng)量表測(cè)試60名PLWHA的軀體化、強(qiáng)迫癥狀、人際關(guān)系敏感、憂郁、焦慮、敵對(duì)、恐怖、精神病癥分?jǐn)?shù)明顯高于國(guó)內(nèi)常模,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.001);(2)社會(huì)支持量表測(cè)試60名PLWHA的支持總分與SCL-90抑郁、偏執(zhí)因子分呈負(fù)相關(guān),主觀支持與SCL-90總分、總均分、陽性項(xiàng)目數(shù)、抑郁和精神病性因子分呈負(fù)相關(guān);(3)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難、子女上學(xué)/工作/婚姻、身體健康、住房、社會(huì)歧視是PLWHA心理壓力的主要來源;(4)應(yīng)用《農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA心理支持培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》對(duì)心理支持人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),使學(xué)員掌握一定的心理支持知識(shí)和技能,培訓(xùn)前后考核得分有顯著差異(t=-7.442,P0.01);(5)試點(diǎn)干預(yù)后,PLWHA社會(huì)支持水平有所提高(t=-3.088,P0.01),癥狀自評(píng)量表中各因子分較前都有所降低(P0.01),心理健康狀況得到有效改善。 結(jié)論應(yīng)用《農(nóng)村地區(qū)PLWHA心理支持培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》培訓(xùn)心理支持人員、由心理支持人員對(duì)PLWHA進(jìn)行個(gè)體心理支持;以《PLWHA心理支持互助小組活動(dòng)指南》光盤為指導(dǎo),組織PLWHA開展互助小組活動(dòng)、增加病人社會(huì)支持等一系列心理支持措施和方法,可以有效緩解病人心理情緒障礙,改善心理健康狀況。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the mental health status of PLWHA (People living with HIV/AIDS, HIV infected persons and patients in rural areas, compile the PLWHA psychological support training manual in rural areas, and train PLWHA and its psychological support personnel. In order to provide reference for the psychological support work of PLWHA in rural areas, the CD of "PLWHA Psychological support Group activity Guide" was produced by developing mutual help group activities and taking a video of the whole process. Methods A total of 60 PLWHA patients were investigated by general status questionnaire, social support scale (SSS) and symptom Checklist (SCL-90), and some of the PLWHA and psychological support staff were interviewed. According to the results of interviews and expert advice, the training manual of PLWHA psychological support in rural areas was compiled, and 60 PLWHA and 19 psychological support personnel were trained by the manual. PLWHA was given individual psychological support by qualified psychological support personnel, PLWHA was organized to carry out mutual help group activities, and the CD of PLWHA psychological support group activity guide was made. The effect was evaluated after psychological support intervention. Results (1) the scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia and psychosis in 60 PLWHA patients were significantly higher than those in the national norm (P0.001). (2) the total score of PLWHA was negatively correlated with the depression of SCL-90, and the score of paranoid ideation was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90, the total mean score, the number of positive items, and the scores of depression and psychotic factors. (3) Family financial difficulties, children's schooling / work / marriage, physical health, housing and social discrimination are the main sources of PLWHA psychological stress; (4) applying the "PLWHA Psychological support training Manual in Rural areas" to train the psychological support personnel, so that the students can master certain psychological support knowledge and skills, there is significant difference in the assessment scores before and after the training (t = -7.442, P0.01); (5) after the pilot intervention, the social support level of PLWHA was improved (t: 3.088, P0.01), the factor scores of SCL-90 were lower than before (P0.01), and the mental health status was improved effectively. Conclusion the training manual of PLWHA psychological support in rural areas was used to train the psychological support personnel, and the individual psychological support for PLWHA was carried out by the psychological support personnel. A series of psychological support measures and methods, such as PLWHA psychological support group activity guide, organizing PLWHA to carry out mutual aid group activities and increasing patients' social support, can effectively alleviate patients' psychological and emotional disorders. Improve mental health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：R512.91;R395.5

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