【摘要】： 隨著能源緊張問(wèn)題日益突出,如何降低占有社會(huì)商品能源三分一的建筑能耗成為目前暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域亟待解決的主要問(wèn)題之一。因此如何在保證熱舒適的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)研究方向。數(shù)值人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型在暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域的使用能夠很大地促進(jìn)室內(nèi)人工環(huán)境的營(yíng)造理論和熱舒適理論的研究,并且為工程實(shí)際提供預(yù)測(cè)工具,是目前國(guó)際前沿的研究領(lǐng)域。本文研究旨在以建立適合暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域研究使用數(shù)值人體模型為目標(biāo),綜合當(dāng)前所有模型的優(yōu)秀思想和方法,建立合理的生理模型和數(shù)學(xué)模型,并且開(kāi)發(fā)了一套高效的求解程序。 數(shù)值熱調(diào)節(jié)模型的建立主要包括三個(gè)部分:生理模型、數(shù)學(xué)模型和程序開(kāi)發(fā)。前兩者由兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)組成,即受控系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng),包括物理人體本身和出汗、寒戰(zhàn)、新陳代謝、血管舒縮等子調(diào)節(jié)模型。本文分析研究人體各種生理現(xiàn)象,在Smith模型的基礎(chǔ)上建立了16節(jié)段、66層和一個(gè)中心血液節(jié)點(diǎn)的多元模型,有如下結(jié)論: 首先,本文分析了Smith血液模型對(duì)四肢皮膚溫度預(yù)測(cè)不準(zhǔn)確的原因,改進(jìn)了Smith模型的皮膚層血液灌注率控制模型,借鑒Fiala血液模型建立了內(nèi)部各層的血液灌注率模型,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明對(duì)四肢尤其是手和腳部位的皮膚溫度的預(yù)測(cè)精度有明顯的提高。 其次,針對(duì)目前熱調(diào)節(jié)模型的復(fù)雜性帶來(lái)的改變服裝形式和改進(jìn)服裝模型的困難較大的問(wèn)題,本課題提出將環(huán)境對(duì)人體的所有熱濕影響抽象為皮膚表面的第二類(lèi)換熱現(xiàn)象的新方法,提高了模型的靈活性并且擴(kuò)展了其使用范圍。 第三,本文定量分析了各種出汗因素對(duì)平均皮膚溫度的影響,引入Shitzer的出汗閥值模型,并對(duì)Smith出汗模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了修正。本文指出了Smith模型中假設(shè)新陳代謝率為定值的不足之處,引入了Fiala的動(dòng)態(tài)新陳代謝模型和寒戰(zhàn)模型。 第四,本文對(duì)比分析了當(dāng)前模型采用的人體參數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)不同模型采用的人體參數(shù)的差別一般在30%左右。由參數(shù)敏感性分析可知,皮膚血液灌注率的變化對(duì)人體熱調(diào)節(jié)功能影響特別大,幾何尺寸對(duì)皮膚溫度的影響較大,整體血液灌注率和輻射系數(shù)在10%左右變化量對(duì)皮膚溫度的影響有限。 最后,本課題使用有限元方法開(kāi)發(fā)了全套數(shù)值人體熱調(diào)節(jié)模型代碼。本文采用了Abdul Munir系列動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)、Shengwei Zhu的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及大連理工大學(xué)熱舒適小組的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明本模型有效解決Smith模型對(duì)手和足模擬不準(zhǔn)確的問(wèn)題,對(duì)均勻穩(wěn)態(tài)和非均勻非穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下人體皮膚溫度的動(dòng)態(tài)變化的預(yù)測(cè)精度都有明顯的提高,能夠滿(mǎn)足暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the problem of energy shortage becoming more and more prominent, how to reduce the building energy consumption, which occupies one-third of the social commodity energy, has become one of the main problems to be solved urgently in the field of HVAC. Therefore, how to ensure thermal comfort while building energy conservation has become a hot research direction. The application of numerical human thermal regulation model in the field of HVAC can greatly promote the study of indoor artificial environment theory and thermal comfort theory, and provide a prediction tool for engineering practice. It is a frontier research field in the world at present. The purpose of this paper is to establish a numerical mannequin model suitable for the research of HVAC field, to synthesize the excellent ideas and methods of all the current models, and to establish reasonable physiological and mathematical models. And developed a set of efficient solution program. The establishment of numerical heat regulation model includes three parts: physiological model, mathematical model and program development. The former two are composed of two subsystems, namely, the controlled system and the control system, including the physical human body itself and the models of sweating, shivering, metabolism, vasomotor and contraction and so on. In this paper, we analyze and study various physiological phenomena in human body. Based on the Smith model, we establish a multivariate model of 16 segments and 66 layers and a central blood node. The conclusions are as follows: first of all, This paper analyzes the reason why Smith blood model is inaccurate to predict the skin temperature of extremities, improves the control model of blood perfusion rate in skin layer of Smith model, and establishes the blood perfusion rate model of each layer of interior by using Fiala blood model as reference. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of skin temperature in extremities, especially in hands and feet, is significantly improved. Secondly, in view of the complexity of the current thermal regulation model, it is difficult to change the clothing form and improve the clothing model. In this paper, a new method is proposed to abstract all the heat and moisture effects of the environment to the second kind of heat transfer phenomenon on the skin surface, which improves the flexibility of the model and expands its application scope. Thirdly, the effects of various sweating factors on the average skin temperature are quantitatively analyzed, and the Shitzer's sweating threshold model is introduced, and the parameters of the Smith sweating model are modified. This paper points out the deficiency of Smith model which assumes that the metabolism rate is constant, and introduces the dynamic metabolism model and shivering model of Fiala. Fourthly, this paper compares and analyzes the human body parameters used in the current model, and finds that the difference of the human body parameters used in different models is generally about 30%. According to the parameter sensitivity analysis, the change of the skin blood perfusion rate has a great influence on the human body's thermal regulation function, and the geometric size has a great influence on the skin temperature. The whole blood perfusion rate and radiation coefficient about 10% have a limited effect on skin temperature. Finally, a complete set of code of numerical human body thermal regulation model is developed by using finite element method. In this paper, the experimental results of Abdul Munir series dynamic experiment and thermal comfort group of Dalian University of Technology are compared and analyzed. The experiments show that the model can effectively solve the problem of imaccuracy in the simulation of the opponent and foot of the Smith model, and improve the prediction accuracy of the dynamic changes of human skin temperature under the uniform steady and non-uniform unsteady conditions. Can meet the application of HVAC field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R311

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本文編號(hào)：2242349