人胚胎干細(xì)胞定向誘導(dǎo)分化為肝細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
[Abstract]:End-stage liver failure is still a kind of stubborn disease that plagued human health. At present, its treatment relies mainly on orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but the extreme shortage of donor, the death of transplantation and operation itself, the lifetime taking of immunosuppressant and its fatal complications are a great deal of problems. It restricts the extensive development of this treatment. Cell transplantation and bioartificial liver (BAL) as an alternative to end-stage liver disease, supplemental therapy, not only for patients to seek the appropriate source of liver supply for the precious opportunity, but also help patients safely through the risk period, the natural recovery through liver regeneration. It is regrettable that the limited cell source, insufficient number and lack of function are still the bottlenecks that restrict its further development. Human embryonic stem cells (embryonic stem cells, ES cells), with high self renewal and developmental omnipotent, can differentiate into various tissues and cells in a suitable environment, and are expected to be biological artificial liver and liver cells. Transplantation, even liver tissue engineering provides ideal seed cells. However, there are many uncertainties in the factors affecting the effective differentiation of human ES cells to hepatocytes, the induction of differentiation efficiency and the functional status of differentiated cells. The application of ES cells to the many insurmountable obstacles in clinical Shang Youxu. This study explored the induction of human E S cells differentiate into hepatocytes with functions such as synthesis, metabolism, secretion and storage, and establish a human ES cell line that stably transfect pAlb-EGFP through genetic modification, providing a means to purify the target cells, which lays the foundation for the application of human ES cells in the liver regenerative medicine based on cell therapy and gene therapy.
This study mainly includes three parts.
First, the cytokine combined with extracellular matrix induced human ES cells to differentiate into liver cells. We used mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) as a feeder layer, and explored two methods of generation (mechanical and collagenase), and established a standard human ES cell culture system.
In order to further explore the potential of human ES cells to liver differentiation, we first suspended human ES cells in the early stage of culture to form a embryoid body (embryoid body, EB) containing the structure of the germ layer, and then inoculated them into a culture plate with type I collagen in advance, and induced the liver system with the conditioned medium containing dexamethasone and insulin. Multifaceted results, such as state of state, cell phenotype change and functional detection, show that the induced part of the cells basically conforms to the characteristics of hepatocytes, proving that human ES cells have the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte like cells.
Two, the enrichment of human ES cells into hepatocytes by co culture of co cultured transgenic stromal cells in different stages.
In the previous experimental study, we have confirmed that human ES cells can differentiate into hepatocyte like cells in a specific environment, but the result of differentiation is still in dispute. Because different from adult stem cells, ES cells have a more specific omnipotent differentiation potential and can differentiate into three outer and outer tissues from the inner, middle and outer cells. The dirty wall endoderm (visceral endoderm) can express many genes similar to the liver cells, but it can only participate in the formation of the outer yolk sac structure, and can not differentiate into liver or pancreas and other parenchymal organs, which can cause obstacles to the real liver cells. Therefore, this study is based on the characteristics of the total differentiation of human ES cells. As well as the mechanism of liver development, a new strategy for co culture of phase enrichment and transgenic stroma cells was designed. First, a simple EB was formed for the early development of the primitive ectoderm containing the outer layer of the endoderm and the inner layer. Under the condition of low serum, the differentiation of.RT-PCR and immunofluorescence to the stereotypical endoderm was induced by high concentration of A. The results showed that the cells of activin A expressed high expression of 3D (80%) the endoderm marker SOX17, while the expression of alpha fetoprotein (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) in the inner endoderm was missing, which proved that the cells were stereotypical endoderm cells. In order to further explore the potential and mechanism of the differentiation of the endoderm cells to the liver cells, we use the transgenic cells. The matrix cell co culture system simulates the microenvironment in the development of liver. After co culture of 11d, the morphology, cell phenotype changes and functional detection results show that the stereotypical endoderm cells can differentiate into the liver in the environment created by bFGF and fetal liver stromal cells, and further differentiate and mature under the action of HGF, OSM and Dex. The research has opened up a new way to get a lot of real hepatocytes.
Three, the establishment of pAlb-EGFP genetically modified human ES cell line
As mentioned earlier, the new induction strategy excludes the interference of similar cells, but the cells are still a mixture, and the unpredictable risks such as tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis can not be ignored. In this part, we intend to modify human ES cells by gene modification to provide a means to purify the target cells for future application. Albumin (albumin, Alb) is in the present study. In the early stage of liver development and in the adult liver, it is a specific marker to identify the liver cells. We designed plasmid pAlb-EGFP containing the Alb promoter to regulate the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene into human ES cells, because the vector contains a segment of the Neo resistance gene. Resistance screening can be carried out through G418 conditions. We first identified the optimum concentration of G418 screening (200 mu g/ml) through the conditional culture medium killing test. On this basis, we used EXGen 500 transfection reagent to transfect and carry out resistance screening. PCR results confirmed that the screened positive clones did contain Alb-EGFP sequence. Stable transfection may provide new tools for purify hepatocytes in future applications.
The differentiation of human ES cells to mature and physiological liver cells provides a new choice for the treatment of liver disease cells. It is of great significance for a country with high incidence of end-stage liver disease caused by viral hepatitis and various causes. Human ES cells with developmental omnipotence will be bioartificial liver, liver (dry / progenitor). Cell transplantation and gene transfer therapy for liver (stem / progenitor) cells provide excellent seed cells. Nuclear transplantation and existing ES cell banks are expected to play a greater role in the treatment of liver diseases. The application of modern biological science and its related technologies in this field will certainly accelerate its clinical migration. The application process in plant repair.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2008
【分類號】:R329
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