本文選題：卵巢 + 血管��； 參考：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的:卵巢為實(shí)質(zhì)性器官,女性的生殖腺,屬于腹膜內(nèi)位器官。目前,已有許多關(guān)于卵巢脈管系構(gòu)筑特點(diǎn)和卵巢表面淋巴孔的研究報(bào)道,但存在不同的觀點(diǎn),明確這一問題對(duì)于闡明卵巢腫瘤的腹腔轉(zhuǎn)移,卵巢腫瘤腹水形成和轉(zhuǎn)歸,以及指導(dǎo)卵巢腫瘤的手術(shù)切除等,具有重要的臨床意義。本課題擬對(duì)嚙齒類實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的卵巢組織,以及卵巢表面腹膜的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行觀察,探討卵巢淋巴管的形態(tài)學(xué)特點(diǎn),以及卵巢與其表面腹膜的關(guān)系,揭示卵巢脈管系的構(gòu)筑特點(diǎn),為卵巢激素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)途徑的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),提供形態(tài)學(xué)方面的依據(jù)。 方法: 1.選用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各5只,均于深度麻醉下處死動(dòng)物并取卵巢組織。經(jīng)液氮冷凍作冰凍切片,行5’-核苷酸酶(5’-Nase)和堿性磷酸酶(ALP)雙重染色,相鄰組織切片做HE染色,光鏡對(duì)照性觀察卵巢組織和表面腹膜的細(xì)微結(jié)構(gòu),以及脈管系的構(gòu)筑特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步明確卵巢血管和淋巴管的分布特點(diǎn)及種屬差異。 2.選用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各2只,進(jìn)行透射電鏡(TEM)標(biāo)本制作,以觀察卵巢超微結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其表面被膜、皮質(zhì)和髓質(zhì)的特點(diǎn),辨別卵巢內(nèi)毛細(xì)血管和毛細(xì)淋巴管,觀察其超微結(jié)構(gòu)特征。 3.選用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各2只,經(jīng)左心室沖洗血管,灌注3%多聚甲醛和1%戊二醛固定液,行血管內(nèi)組織固定,取卵巢進(jìn)行掃描電鏡樣品制備,觀察卵巢表面的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及種屬差異;用二甲基亞砜(DMSO)液氮冷凍割斷法,制備卵巢組織的樣品,觀察卵巢組織及其內(nèi)部脈管系的構(gòu)筑特征。 結(jié)果: 1.光鏡觀察:(1)HE染色切片光鏡觀察顯示,卵巢表面被覆單層立方或扁平上皮,上皮下為薄層致密結(jié)締組織構(gòu)成的白膜。卵巢實(shí)質(zhì)分為外周的皮質(zhì)和中央的髓質(zhì),二者無明顯界限。皮質(zhì)內(nèi)含有大小不等的卵泡,還有黃體、白體、脈管樣結(jié)構(gòu)等;髓質(zhì)內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)疏松,可見較多的脈管樣結(jié)構(gòu)且管腔較大。(2)酶雙染組織切片光鏡觀察表明,其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)與HE染色切片相似;但是,可明確區(qū)分脈管樣結(jié)構(gòu);淋巴管呈現(xiàn)深褐色5’-Nase陽性反應(yīng),管壁較薄,管腔較大而且不規(guī)則;血管呈現(xiàn)深藍(lán)色ALP陽性反應(yīng),管壁較厚,管腔較小多呈圓形。家兔與大鼠相比,其卵巢淋巴管的數(shù)目較多且管腔較大,但是,其分布部位相同。 2.透射電鏡觀察顯示,卵巢毛細(xì)淋巴管的超微結(jié)構(gòu),與其它器官的超微結(jié)構(gòu)相似,即管壁薄,僅由單層內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞構(gòu)成,基底膜不連續(xù)或缺如,無周細(xì)胞,核常凸向腔內(nèi),并有質(zhì)膜性突起,也可見錨絲樣細(xì)纖維,連于管壁外側(cè)與周圍結(jié)締組織。根據(jù)上述特點(diǎn)可與毛細(xì)血管相區(qū)別,為確認(rèn)毛細(xì)淋巴管較為可靠的方法。 3.掃描電鏡觀察顯示,在大鼠卵巢表面,可見大量的微絨毛,多呈匍匐狀。構(gòu)成卵巢上皮的兩型細(xì)胞區(qū)別明顯,扁平上皮細(xì)胞呈多邊形,帶有大量的微絨毛,在相鄰細(xì)胞的結(jié)合部,微絨毛長(zhǎng)而密集,構(gòu)成細(xì)胞的界限;立方上皮細(xì)胞表面凸出,輪廓清晰;相鄰幾個(gè)立方上皮細(xì)胞之間,存在較大的縫隙或淋巴孔,也偶見于扁平細(xì)胞之間;家兔卵巢表面與大鼠相比,表面均勻分布著棒狀、點(diǎn)狀的微絨毛,較多且密集。還可見到由巨噬細(xì)胞聚集形成的乳斑。扁平細(xì)胞呈長(zhǎng)梭形,立方細(xì)胞胞體更飽滿,向表面隆起呈半球形。在卵巢表面的立方細(xì)胞之間,還可見到靜止型巨噬細(xì)胞,游走型巨噬細(xì)胞及其伸出的偽足。 結(jié)論:在大鼠和家兔卵巢的皮質(zhì)和髓質(zhì)內(nèi),均存在血管和淋巴管,髓質(zhì)內(nèi)的脈管較多較大。卵巢內(nèi)毛細(xì)淋巴管的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,形成重疊連接性通道和質(zhì)膜小泡系統(tǒng),在組織液和大分子物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中,可能發(fā)揮重要作用。卵巢表面被覆兩型上皮細(xì)胞,扁平上皮和立方上皮細(xì)胞;立方上皮細(xì)胞之間的縫隙或淋巴孔,構(gòu)成了卵巢組織液與腹膜腔交通的主要結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ);關(guān)于卵巢脈管系的分布規(guī)律和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),以及與腹膜腔的關(guān)系,仍需深入觀察和研究。
[Abstract]:Objective: the ovary is the parenchyma organ, the female genital gland, which belongs to the intraperitoneal organ. At present, there are many reports about the characteristics of the architecture of the ovarian vascular system and the ovarian surface lymphatic pore, but there are different views on the abdominal cavity metastasis of ovarian tumors, the formation and prognosis of ovarian tumor ascites, and guidance. The surgical removal of ovarian tumors is of great clinical significance. This topic is to observe the ovarian tissue and the structure of the ovarian surface peritoneum in rodent experimental animals, to explore the morphological characteristics of the ovarian lymphatics and the relationship between the ovary and the surface peritoneum, and to reveal the construction characteristics of the ovarian vascular system and the transformation of the ovarian hormone. The structural basis of the way of transportation provides the basis for morphology.
Method:
1. the adult SD female rats and 5 rabbits were killed and the ovarian tissues were killed under deep anesthesia. Frozen sections were frozen through liquid nitrogen. 5 '- nucleotides (5' -Nase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to double staining. The adjacent tissue sections were stained with HE. The microscopic structure of the ovarian tissue and the surface peritoneum, as well as the veins, were observed by light microscope. The construction characteristics of the vascular system further clarify the distribution characteristics and species differences of ovarian vessels and lymphatics.
2. the adult SD female rats and 2 rabbits were selected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristics of the ultrastructure of the ovary, the surface membrane, the cortex and medulla, the capillary and the capillary of the ovary were observed, and the ultrastructural features of the ovary were observed.
3. the adult SD female rats and 2 rabbits each were washed by the left ventricle and perfused with 3% polyformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde fixed solution. The intravascular tissue was fixed and the ovary was prepared by scanning electron microscope to observe the structural characteristics of the ovarian surface and the difference of the species. The ovarian tissue was prepared by the method of DMSO liquid nitrogen cryosurgery by two methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The characteristics of ovarian tissue and its vascular system were observed.
Result:
1. light microscope observation: (1) the HE staining section showed that the ovarian surface was covered with a single layer of cubic or flat epithelium and a thin layer of dense connective tissue. The ovary was divided into the peripheral cortex and the central medulla, and the two had no obvious boundaries. The follicles in the cortex were large and small, and the corpus luteum, the white body, the vascular structure and so on. The structure of the medulla was loose, and there were more vascular structures and larger cavity. (2) the structure characteristics of the enzyme double staining tissue section showed that the structure characteristic was similar to that of HE staining section. However, the vascular structure was clearly distinguished, the lymphatic tube presented a dark brown 5 '-Nase positive reaction, the tube wall was thinner, the lumen was larger and irregular, and the blood vessel was dark blue ALP The wall of the tube was thicker and the lumen was smaller and round. Compared with the rat, the number of lymphatics in the ovary was larger and the lumen was larger, but the distribution of the ovary was the same.
The ultrastructure of 2. transmission electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of the lymphatic capillary of the ovary was similar to the ultrastructure of other organs, that is, the wall of the tube was thin, only the monolayer endothelial cells were made up, the basement membrane was discontinuous or absent, no pericytes, the nucleus often protruded into the cavity, and there was a plasmalemma, and the anchor like fine fibers were also visible, connected to the outer wall of the tube and the surrounding connective tissue. According to the above characteristics, it can be distinguished from capillaries, which is a reliable method to identify capillary lymphatics.
3. the scanning electron microscope showed that a large number of microvilli were found on the surface of the ovary on the surface of the rat. The two cells of the ovarian epithelial cells were distinct, the flat epithelial cells were polygonal, with a large number of microvilli, at the junction of the adjacent cells, the microvilli was long and dense, and the boundaries of the cells were formed; the surface of the cubic epithelial cells protruded, and the wheel was protruding. There are large gaps or lymphatic pores between adjacent cubic epithelial cells, and also occasionally found in flat cells. Compared with rats, the surface of the rabbit's ovary is evenly distributed with rod like, punctate microvilli, more and denser. The body is more full and hemispherical. Between the cuboidal cells on the surface of the ovary, there is still a static macrophage, a wandering macrophage and its protruding pseudo foot.
Conclusion: there are vessels and lymphatics in the cortex and medulla of the ovaries of the rats and rabbits, and the veins in the medulla are more large. The endothelial cells of the capillary lymphatic vessels in the ovary form an overlapping connective channel and a plasma membrane vesicle system, which may play an important role in the transport of tissue fluid and macromolecules. The ovarian surface is covered with two types of epithelium. Cells, flat epithelial cells and cubic epithelial cells; the gap or lymphatic hole between the cubic epithelial cells constitute the main structural basis for the ovarian tissue fluid and the peritoneal cavity traffic; the distribution and structural characteristics of the ovarian vascular system, as well as the relationship with the peritoneal cavity, still need to be observed and studied in depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：R737.31;R322

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