本文選題：腎 + 輸尿管部分梗阻　； 參考：《南華大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的: 建立一種較為理想的輸尿管部分梗阻動(dòng)物模型;探索動(dòng)物模型腎血管鑄型的方法;觀測(cè)比較正常腎與輸尿管部分梗阻動(dòng)物模型積水腎的形態(tài)學(xué)變化,為腎積水的相關(guān)研究提供形態(tài)學(xué)資料。 方法: 健康成年新西蘭兔48只,進(jìn)行以下處理: 1. 12只作為正常對(duì)照組(N)。 2. 36只兔采用改進(jìn)的輸尿管套管法,建立左側(cè)輸尿管部分梗阻動(dòng)物模型,作為梗阻觀察組(O),N組及O組梗阻術(shù)后1周、2周、4周(即O1、O2、O4)各隨機(jī)選取6只,分別行B超、靜脈腎盂造影。 3. N組及O1、O2、O4組各隨機(jī)選取6只兔以過(guò)氯乙烯、牙托粉為填充劑分別行腎動(dòng)脈、腎盞和腎盂鑄型,測(cè)定腎動(dòng)脈、腎干動(dòng)脈、腎段動(dòng)脈、葉間動(dòng)脈管徑大小;各組分別選取6只作組織學(xué)切片,了解輸尿管部分梗阻后腎形態(tài)學(xué)變化規(guī)律。 結(jié)果: 1.隨梗阻時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),腎盂前后徑(APD)及腎盂容積(V)進(jìn)行性增大,O組各期與N組比較差異有顯著性意義(P0.01);腎皮質(zhì)厚度(RCT)則逐漸減小,O1、O2組與N組比較差異無(wú)顯著性意義,O4組明顯變薄(P0.01)。 2.隨梗阻時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),靜脈腎盂造影示腎大小盞、輸尿管明顯擴(kuò)張,O組各期腎長(zhǎng)徑及腎橫徑與N組比較差異有顯著性意義(P0.01)。 3.兔左或右腎動(dòng)脈都為一條,其一級(jí)分支以前、后干的二干型為多,前、后干分別于腎盂前后面的腎實(shí)質(zhì)形成腎盂前、后動(dòng)脈系,腎干動(dòng)脈發(fā)出口徑較細(xì)的二級(jí)分支即腎段動(dòng)脈,前干通常分為前上、前中、前下段動(dòng)脈,分布于相應(yīng)腎盂前面的腎實(shí)質(zhì);后干通常分為后上、后中上、后中下及后下段動(dòng)脈,分布于相應(yīng)腎盂后面的腎實(shí)質(zhì)。N組腎動(dòng)脈及其各級(jí)分支在腎實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)分布密集、均勻,隨梗阻時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)和程度的加重,血管分布稀疏、變形。腎動(dòng)脈O組各期與N組管徑比較差異無(wú)顯著性意義;腎干動(dòng)脈、腎段動(dòng)脈O4組與N組比較差異均有顯著性意義;葉間動(dòng)脈O2、O4組分別與N組比較差異均有顯著性意義,且葉間動(dòng)脈O4與O2組比較差異有顯著性意義。N組腎盂、腎盞輪廓清晰,杯口銳利,無(wú)擴(kuò)張,隨梗阻時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),O組腎大小盞逐漸擴(kuò)張,腎盞杯口漸漸變鈍、變平,腎盂逐漸擴(kuò)張、變形。 4.組織學(xué)切片顯示O1組:腎小球、腎小管結(jié)構(gòu)基本正常,尚無(wú)顯著改變;O2組:腎小球輕度萎縮,腎小管部分?jǐn)U張,腎間質(zhì)炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和成纖維細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)增多;O4組:腎小球明顯萎縮,腎小囊擴(kuò)張,腎小管明顯擴(kuò)張,管內(nèi)可見膠樣蛋白液體沉積,血管擴(kuò)張充血,腎間質(zhì)炎癥細(xì)胞和成纖維細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)明顯,腎間質(zhì)部分區(qū)域壞死鈣化。 結(jié)論: 1.改良的輸尿管套管法建立的輸尿管部分梗阻動(dòng)物模型,方法簡(jiǎn)便、操作容易、效果良好,完全符合輸尿管不全梗阻的要求,是一種較為理想的輸尿管不全梗阻動(dòng)物模型。 2.以過(guò)氯乙烯、牙托粉分別作為腎血管及腎盂、腎盞的灌注填充劑,灌注效果好,結(jié)構(gòu)顯示清晰、連續(xù)、完整,是良好的灌注材料,灌注方法簡(jiǎn)便,能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果,值得推廣。 3.腎動(dòng)脈、腎動(dòng)脈前后干、腎段動(dòng)脈管徑在梗阻期變化不明顯,葉間動(dòng)脈管徑明顯縮小。
[Abstract]:Purpose :



To establish an ideal animal model of ureter partial obstruction ; to explore the method of animal model of renal vascular cast ; to observe the morphological changes of the kidney in the animal model with normal kidney and ureter obstruction , and to provide morphological data for the study of the related study of renal hydrops .



Method :



The following treatments were performed for 48 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits :



1.12 As the normal control group ( N ) .



2.Thirty - six rabbits were treated with modified ureteric cannula method to establish an animal model of left ureteral obstruction . As an obstruction observation group ( O ) , N group and O group , 6 rats were randomly selected for 1 week , 2 weeks and 4 weeks ( i.e . O1 , O2 , O4 ) .



3 . Six rabbits were randomly selected in group N and O1 , O2 and O4 . The renal artery , renal artery , renal artery and interlobe artery diameter were measured by using perchlorethylene and denture powder as filling agent , and 6 rabbits were respectively selected for histological sections to understand the morphological changes of renal morphology after partial obstruction of ureter .



Results :



1 . With the prolongation of the obstruction time , the anterior and posterior diameter of the renal pelvis ( APD ) and the volume of renal pelvis ( V ) increased , there was significant difference between the O group and the N group ( P0.01 ) . The thickness of the renal cortex ( RCT ) decreased gradually , and there was no significant difference between the O1 and O2 groups and the N group , and the O4 group was significantly thinner ( P0.01 ) .



2 . With the prolongation of the obstruction time , the size of the kidney was shown by the intravenous pyelography , the ureter was obviously dilated , the renal length and the renal transverse diameter in the O group were significantly different from that of the N group ( P0.01 ) .



There was no significant difference between the renal parenchyma and the renal parenchyma of the renal artery and the renal artery .



4 . The histological sections showed that there were no significant changes in the structure of glomerulus and tubular tubules , but there was no significant change in the structure of glomerulus and tubular tubules .



Conclusion :



1 . The modified animal model of ureteral obstruction established by the modified ureter cannula method is simple , easy to operate , good in effect , fully compliant with the requirement of ureteral obstruction , and is an ideal animal model for ureteral obstruction .



2 . The perchloride and denture powder are used as the filling agent for the renal blood vessels and the renal pelvis and the kidney , the perfusion effect is good , the structure is clear , continuous and complete , is a good perfusion material , the perfusion method is simple and convenient , the expected effect can be achieved , and the method is worthy of popularization .



3 . There was no obvious change in the diameter of the renal artery and the renal artery before and after the renal artery .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：R693;R-332

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