發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 05:02

  本文選題：社區(qū) + 心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 本研究回顧國內(nèi)外社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和組織體系建設(shè)情況,選取深圳福田區(qū)和武漢青山區(qū)開展心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的社區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,比較分析其開展心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的組織體系狀況,研究制定我國社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的組織體系,從而保障社區(qū)群眾的心理健康,提高社區(qū)居民的健康水平和生活質(zhì)量,構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社區(qū)。 對象和方法 通過查閱網(wǎng)絡(luò)、期刊和書籍,收集、整理現(xiàn)有國內(nèi)外關(guān)于社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的發(fā)展歷程及組織體系建設(shè)的情況。對深圳福田區(qū)和武漢青山區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷;并以當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)主管部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心管理人員為訪談對象,每個(gè)地區(qū)邀請2-3個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)人進(jìn)行深度訪談。將收集的資料進(jìn)行整理,輸入EXCEL數(shù)據(jù)庫,對多選題采用多重二分法的格式錄入;用SPSS12.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,包括描述性分析、卡方檢驗(yàn)等方法。 結(jié)果 1.我國社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)起步較晚,與發(fā)達(dá)國家還有一定的差距。在歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家,社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系已經(jīng)十分健全和完善,社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)已成為人們預(yù)防、治療心理疾患的重要場所;在我國,北京、新疆、深圳、杭州及武漢等地已在某些社區(qū)開始開展心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù),效果顯著。 2.目前深圳福田區(qū)每個(gè)社康中心至少有1名心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員,工作模式是“以區(qū)衛(wèi)生局為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),區(qū)慢病院(轄區(qū)醫(yī)院)精神科為骨干、以每一個(gè)社區(qū)為落腳點(diǎn)”。武漢青山區(qū)每個(gè)社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心均建立有心理咨詢室,有1名以上的專業(yè)人員從事具體工作,其工作模式是“以區(qū)衛(wèi)生局和疾控中心為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),牽頭武東醫(yī)院,開展心理專家下社區(qū)坐診工作”。 3.調(diào)查地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)在人力資源配置上,兩地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員主要集中在45歲以下,呈現(xiàn)出年輕化特點(diǎn)。在專業(yè)背景上,深圳福田區(qū)以臨床醫(yī)學(xué)為主,占50.00%,其次是護(hù)理專業(yè),占39.06%;武漢青山區(qū)以護(hù)理專業(yè)為主,占49.32%,其次是臨床醫(yī)學(xué),占36.99%;兩地區(qū)均沒有專門以心理學(xué)為專業(yè)背景的醫(yī)務(wù)人員。在目前所從事的崗位上,專門從事心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)工作的醫(yī)務(wù)人員比例都過低,被選擇次數(shù)僅占選擇總次數(shù)的4.12%、3.66%。在從事心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的年限上,兩地區(qū)不足1年的分別有57.03%、50.68%。 4.調(diào)查地區(qū)在服務(wù)內(nèi)容上,都側(cè)重于心理健康教育與促進(jìn)、心理咨詢和心理疾病康復(fù)指導(dǎo)。在工作形式上,深圳福田區(qū)社康中心以板報(bào)宣傳和心理知識講座為主,武漢青山區(qū)則以社區(qū)心理門診為主。兩地區(qū)的醫(yī)務(wù)人員對其工作形式的滿意度有顯著性差異,武漢青山區(qū)的滿意度較高。在培訓(xùn)方面,兩地區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員的培訓(xùn)時(shí)間均較短,甚至絕大部分醫(yī)務(wù)人員沒有接受過正規(guī)的系統(tǒng)的心理健康知識的培訓(xùn)。在培訓(xùn)渠道上,都只能依靠自學(xué)和專題講座方式提高其服務(wù)能力。 5.調(diào)查對象在是否應(yīng)該獲得相應(yīng)報(bào)酬上,兩地區(qū)的調(diào)查結(jié)果無顯著性差異,大多數(shù)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員都認(rèn)為應(yīng)該獲得相應(yīng)報(bào)酬。武漢青山區(qū)獲得報(bào)酬人員的比例較高、滿意度也較高,他們認(rèn)為報(bào)酬與工作較為匹配。 6.調(diào)查對象在工作建議方面,深圳福田區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員認(rèn)為配備專業(yè)人員是首要解決的問題;武漢青山區(qū)則迫切需要提高知識和技術(shù)。在提高積極性的措施上,深圳福田區(qū)社康中心的醫(yī)務(wù)人員希望上級能制定合理的報(bào)酬;武漢青山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)務(wù)人員希望能有良好的工作氛圍,兩地區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員都希望能獲得培訓(xùn)的機(jī)會以及被分配恰當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ鳌?7.調(diào)查地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)效果良好,兩地區(qū)分別有高達(dá)78.08%、70.63%的醫(yī)務(wù)人員認(rèn)為心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)起到了防治作用。對于繼續(xù)開展社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的前景展望,認(rèn)為十分有必要和有一定必要的比例也很高,在兩地區(qū)分別高達(dá)92.19%、95.89%。 結(jié)論 1.調(diào)查地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的工作模式和督導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)不同,但都是結(jié)合各自社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)工作的特點(diǎn),為保證心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)切實(shí)有效的開展而確立的,都取得了良好的效果。 2.調(diào)查地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的工作形式和服務(wù)人員的滿意度有顯著性差異,武漢青山區(qū)的滿意度較高,說明在青山區(qū)衛(wèi)生局和疾控中心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,牽頭武東醫(yī)院,由專家定期下社區(qū)坐診,同時(shí)結(jié)合心理門診、心理知識講座、板報(bào)宣傳等方式開展的心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)已得到絕大部分心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)人員的贊同,值得推廣。 3.調(diào)查地區(qū)社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的人員開展服務(wù)的時(shí)間較短,均以中青年為主,都是兼職、非專業(yè)人員,其接受心理知識的培訓(xùn)不足,培訓(xùn)需求較大。與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,我國社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)專業(yè)人員嚴(yán)重不足、專業(yè)化程度很低。 4.調(diào)查地區(qū)在服務(wù)內(nèi)容上,都側(cè)重于心理健康教育與促進(jìn)、心理咨詢和心理疾病康復(fù)指導(dǎo)。與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,呈現(xiàn)出服務(wù)內(nèi)容單一的特點(diǎn)。 對策建議 1.堅(jiān)持政府行為,落實(shí)專項(xiàng)投入。 2.整合各種資源,建立社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)組織體系。 3.面向社區(qū)居民,開展多元化的社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。 4.加強(qiáng)人員培訓(xùn),提高專業(yè)人員的素質(zhì)和技能。 5.定期開展普查,掌握社區(qū)居民心理健康需求。 6.完善評估機(jī)制,建立科學(xué)的社區(qū)心理衛(wèi)生服務(wù)評價(jià)體系。
[Abstract]:objective
This study reviews the development of community mental health services at home and abroad and the construction of organizational system. It selects the community of psychological health services in Futian District and Qingshan District of Shenzhen to conduct a field survey, compares and analyzes the organizational system of mental health services, and studies the organization of the community mental health service in China. So as to protect the mental health of the community, improve the health level and quality of life of the community residents, and build a harmonious socialist community.
Objects and methods
Through consulting the network, periodicals and books, collecting and sorting out the development of community mental health services and the construction of the organizational system, the questionnaire of the community mental health service personnel in Futian District, Shenzhen and the Qingshan District of Wuhan, as well as the leaders of the local authorities and the management of the community health service center. For the interviewees, 2-3 responsible persons were invited to conduct in-depth interviews in each area. The collected data were arranged, EXCEL database was entered, multiple dichotomy was used to record multiple topics, and statistical analysis of data was carried out with SPSS12.0 statistical software, including descriptive analysis, chi square test and other methods.
Result
1. the community psychological health service in China started late and has a certain gap with the developed countries. In developed countries such as Europe and America, the community mental health service system has been perfect and perfect. Community psychological health service institutions have become an important field for people to prevent and treat psychological diseases. In China, Beijing, Xinjiang, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Wuhan. Other places have started mental health services in some communities, with remarkable results.
2. at present, there are at least 1 mental health service personnel at every social health center in Futian District, Shenzhen. The work pattern is "the leadership of the District Health Bureau, the mental section of the district slow hospital (district hospital) as the backbone, and every community as the foothold." the heart of every community health service in Wuhan Qingshan District has a psychological consultation room with more than 1 professionals. In the specific work, its working mode is "taking the District Health Bureau and the CDC as the leader, taking the lead of Wu Dong hospital, and carrying out the work of psychological experts in community sitting."
3. the community psychological health service in the area of investigation in the area of Shenzhen was mainly focused on the age of 45 years old. In the professional background, Futian District in Shenzhen was mainly clinical medicine, accounting for 50%, followed by nursing specialty, accounting for 39.06%, and Wuhan Qingshan District was mainly nursing specialty, accounting for 49.32%, The second is clinical medicine, accounting for 36.99%. There are no medical personnel specializing in psychology in both areas. In the present positions, the proportion of medical personnel engaged in psychological health service is too low, and the number of selected times is only 4.12% of the total selection times. 3.66%. is in two areas in the period of mental health service. 57.03% for less than 1 years, 50.68%.
4. in the service content, all the areas of investigation focus on mental health education and promotion, psychological counseling and psychological disease rehabilitation guidance. In the form of work, the Futian District social health center in Shenzhen is mainly composed of plate newspaper propaganda and psychological knowledge lectures, and the Qingshan District of Wuhan is based on Community Psychological outpatient. The medical staff in the two regions are satisfied with their work forms. There is a significant difference in degree, the satisfaction of Wuhan Qingshan District is higher. In the training, the training time of the mental health service personnel in the two areas is short, even the vast majority of the medical staff have not received the regular system of the training of mental health knowledge. In the training channels, they can only improve their service by self-study and special lectures. Ability.
5. whether the respondents should receive the corresponding remuneration, there is no significant difference in the results of the two areas. Most of the mental health service personnel think that the remuneration should be paid. The proportion of the remunerations of the Wuhan Qingshan District is higher and the satisfaction is higher, and they think the remuneration and the work are more matched.
6. in the work proposal, the community mental health service personnel in Futian District, Shenzhen, think that the staffing is the first problem to be solved; the Wuhan Qingshan District needs to improve the knowledge and technology urgently. In the measures to improve the enthusiasm, the medical staff of the Futian District social health center in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, hope that the superior will be able to make reasonable remuneration; Wuhan The community medical staff in Qingshan District hope to have a good working atmosphere, and the mental health service staff in both regions hope to get the opportunity of training and to be assigned the right job.
7. the effect of psychological health service in the community was good, the two areas were 78.08%, and 70.63% of the medical staff thought that psychological health service had played a preventive role. 89%.
conclusion
1. the work mode and supervision organization of the community mental health service in the investigation area are different, but both are combined with the characteristics of their respective community health service work, which have achieved good results in order to ensure the effective and effective development of mental health services.
2. the work form of community mental health service in the survey area and the satisfaction of the service personnel have significant difference. The satisfaction of Wuhan Qingshan District is high. It shows that under the leadership of the Qingshan District Health Bureau and the CDC, the lead Wu Dong hospital is taken at the hospital with the experts regularly. The mental health service carried out by the way has been endorsed by most mental health service providers and is worth promoting.
3. the people in the community psychological health service in the survey area have short service time, all of them are mainly middle and young people, both are part-time and non professional, their training of psychological knowledge is insufficient and the training needs are large. Compared with the developed countries, our community mental health service professionals are seriously inadequate and the degree of specialization is very low.
4. in the service content, the areas of service focus on mental health education and promotion, psychological counseling and psychological disease rehabilitation guidance. Compared with the developed countries, the service content shows a single service content.
Countermeasures and suggestions
1. adhere to government behavior and implement special input.
2. integrate various resources and establish community mental health service organization system.
3. facing community residents, developing diversified community mental health services.
4. strengthen personnel training and improve the quality and skills of professionals.
5. conducting regular surveys to grasp the needs of mental health of community residents.
6. improve the evaluation mechanism and establish a scientific evaluation system for community mental health services.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R395

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1895545