本文選題：粉螨群落　切入點(diǎn)：孳生密度　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 目的研究淮南地區(qū)的粉螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性,并進(jìn)行哮喘的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查以了解淮南地區(qū)哮喘的患病及發(fā)病情況。 方法用直接鏡檢法和電熱集螨法等方法對(duì)采集樣本進(jìn)行粉螨分離、鑒定和計(jì)數(shù),了解其群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性情況,并通過Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù),計(jì)算其物種豐富度、物種多樣性和物種均勻度。通過發(fā)放哮喘的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查表進(jìn)行哮喘的調(diào)查,同時(shí)采用皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行粉螨變應(yīng)原的檢測(cè)。 結(jié)果對(duì)41種共960份樣本,進(jìn)行粉螨的分離、鑒定,共鑒定出粉螨25種,隸屬于7科19屬�；茨系貐^(qū)一年之中粉螨的平均孳生密度為(3.67±1.34~46.34±6.14)NO./g,物種豐富度指數(shù)(Rmargalef)在0.233~2.655之間,多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon-Wiener指數(shù))為1.012~3.193,均勻度指數(shù)(Pielou指數(shù))為0.892~0.991,粉螨的平均孳生密度、物種數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)及多樣性指數(shù)在年變化規(guī)律較為一致, 5月份~9月份達(dá)到高峰,1月份和12月份降至最低;而物種均勻度全年波動(dòng)較大,最高值在8月份,最低值在2月份,變化無(wú)規(guī)律。本次調(diào)查共發(fā)放調(diào)查表733份,回收調(diào)查表622份(其中符合要求的調(diào)查表584份),回收率84.9%。584例(其中臨床確診患有哮喘者9例)被調(diào)查對(duì)象年齡為(41.81±3.21)歲;男性278例,女性306例。382例被調(diào)查對(duì)象(包括9例哮喘患者)接受了粉螨變應(yīng)原皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(yàn),陽(yáng)性數(shù)6例,總陽(yáng)性率為1.57%。6例陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)者均包含于9例哮喘患者中,哮喘患者中粉螨皮膚挑刺試驗(yàn)結(jié)果陽(yáng)性率為66.67%(6/9)。 結(jié)論淮南地區(qū)全年以5月份至8月份粉螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成最為豐富多樣,一年中不同月份粉螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性差異較大,可能與粉螨自身的食性、天敵數(shù)、不同螨種的生命力強(qiáng)弱以及環(huán)境中溫濕度的差異及不同的人為干擾因素有關(guān)。粉螨對(duì)人類的危害嚴(yán)重,是誘發(fā)哮喘的主要誘因之一,應(yīng)合理存放儲(chǔ)藏物并保持室內(nèi)干燥和清潔,避免給粉螨創(chuàng)造孳生條件,以預(yù)防由其誘發(fā)的哮喘,降低其對(duì)人類的危害。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the community structure and diversity of acaroid mites in Huainan area and to investigate the prevalence and incidence of asthma. Methods the samples were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection, and their community structure and diversity were studied. The species richness was calculated by Margalef index Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index. Species diversity and species evenness. Asthma was investigated with epidemiological questionnaire and skin prick test was used to detect the allergen of acaroid mites. Results A total of 960 samples of 41 species of acaroid mites were isolated and identified. A total of 25 species belonging to 19 genera of 7 families were identified. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in Huainan region in one year was 3.67 鹵1.340.34 鹵6.14NO.g. the species richness index (Rmargalefr) was between 0.2333 and 2.655. The diversity index Shannon-Wiener index (Shannon-Wiener index) was 1.0123.193, and the evenness index (Pielou index) was 0.8920.991.The average breeding density and species number of acaroid mites were determined. The richness index and diversity index were consistent with each other in the year, reaching the peak in May and the lowest in January and December, while the species evenness fluctuated greatly in the whole year, with the highest value in August and the lowest value in August. In this survey, 733 questionnaires were distributed and 622 questionnaires were recovered. The recovery rate was 84.984 cases (9 of whom were clinically diagnosed with asthma). The age of the investigated subjects was 41.81 鹵3.21 years old, and 278 cases were males. 306 female subjects (including 9 asthmatic patients) received the skin prick test of acaroid mites allergen, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, all of them were included in 9 cases of asthma, the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases. The positive rate of acaroid mites skin prick test was 66.67% in asthmatic patients. Conclusion the community structure of acaroid mites in Huainan area is the most abundant and diverse from May to August. The community structure and diversity of acaroid mites in different months of the year are quite different, which may be related to the number of natural enemies and feeding habits of acaroid mites. The vitality of different species of mites, the difference of temperature and humidity in the environment and the different human interference factors are related. The harm of acaroid mites to human being is serious, which is one of the main inducements to induce asthma. The storage materials should be stored reasonably and the room should be kept dry and clean. Avoid creating breeding conditions for acaroid mites in order to prevent asthma induced by acaroid mites and reduce their harm to human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：R384.4

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