本文選題：釘螺 + 血吸蟲病　； 參考：《中國血吸蟲病防治雜志》2017年03期

【摘要】：目的分析2015年全國血吸蟲病疫情監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),為進(jìn)一步控制和消除血吸蟲病、開展風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)等提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法按照《全國血吸蟲病監(jiān)測(cè)方案(2014年版)》的要求,在全國所有的血吸蟲病流行縣(市、區(qū))和三峽庫區(qū)潛在流行縣(市、區(qū))共設(shè)立457個(gè)國家級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),按照不同流行類型對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｗ【用�、流�?dòng)人群、家畜的血吸蟲感染情況,以及釘螺分布和感染情況等進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行匯總、整理和分析。結(jié)果 2015年全國457年監(jiān)測(cè)縣(市、區(qū))共開展本地常住居民血吸蟲血清學(xué)篩查共133 350人,發(fā)現(xiàn)血檢陽性者4 468人,其中4 457名血檢陽性者接受了血吸蟲病原學(xué)檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)病原學(xué)陽性者71人,主要為中、老年組的漁船民和農(nóng)民;監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)常住居民總的血吸蟲感染率為0.05%。共開展流動(dòng)人群血清學(xué)篩查85 047人,發(fā)現(xiàn)血檢血吸蟲陽性者977人;其中966名血檢陽性者接受了血吸蟲病原學(xué)檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)病原學(xué)陽性者16人;監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)流動(dòng)人群總的血吸蟲感染率為0.02%;浙江、湖南、湖北省和安徽省在監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)流動(dòng)人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了輸入性血吸蟲感染者。2015年所有監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)均無急性血吸蟲病病例報(bào)告。監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)共檢查家畜13 406頭,查出血吸蟲感染家畜(牛)5頭,監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)家畜總的血吸蟲感染率為0.04%。監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)共調(diào)查各類環(huán)境面積22 295.13 hm~2,查出有螺環(huán)境面積7 426.63 hm~2;其中新發(fā)現(xiàn)釘螺面積3.47 hm~2,分布于江蘇省和上海市;在除湖北省和廣東省以外的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了釘螺復(fù)現(xiàn)環(huán)境82.22 hm~2;所有監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)均未發(fā)現(xiàn)感染性釘螺。結(jié)論全國血吸蟲病監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)常住居民總的血吸蟲感染率繼續(xù)保持穩(wěn)中有降的態(tài)勢(shì);流動(dòng)人群中存在輸入性血吸蟲感染者。牛仍是主要的血吸蟲感染家畜。雖未發(fā)現(xiàn)血吸蟲感染性釘螺,但釘螺分布仍面廣量大,且仍有新發(fā)現(xiàn)和復(fù)現(xiàn)有螺環(huán)境。各地應(yīng)按照《全國血吸蟲病監(jiān)測(cè)方案(2014年版)》的統(tǒng)一要求,進(jìn)一步完善監(jiān)測(cè)體系,提高監(jiān)測(cè)工作的科學(xué)性、敏感性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the surveillance data of schistosomiasis in 2015 and to provide scientific basis for further control and elimination of schistosomiasis and risk monitoring. Methods according to the requirements of the National schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), 457 national surveillance sites were set up in all schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) and potential endemic counties (cities, districts) in the three Gorges Reservoir area. According to different epidemic types, schistosomiasis infection, distribution and infection of Oncomelania hupensis were monitored in local residents, floating population and domestic animals, and the monitoring data were collected, sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 133,350 local residents were screened for schistosomiasis in 457 counties (cities and districts) in 2015, of which 4,468 were found to be positive, and 4,457 of them were tested for schistosomiasis etiology. It was found that 71 cases were positive in etiology, mainly the fishing boat people and farmers in the aged group, and the total schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.05% in the permanent residents of the monitoring point. A total of 85 047 people were serologically screened in floating population, 977 of whom were found to be positive for schistosomiasis, among which 966 were tested positive for schistosomiasis and 16 were found to be positive in etiology. The total schistosomiasis infection rate of floating population was 0.02. In Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei and Anhui provinces, imported schistosomiasis infection was found in the floating population. No cases of acute schistosomiasis were reported in all monitoring sites in 2015. A total of 13,406 domestic animals were examined at the monitoring point, and 5 of them were found to be infected with schistosomiasis. The total schistosomiasis infection rate was 0.04%. A total of 22 295.13 hmm2 was investigated in monitoring sites, and 7 426.63 hmmm2 of snail environmental area was found, among which 3. 47 hmmm2 were newly discovered, which were distributed in Jiangsu and Shanghai. The reoccurrence environment of Oncomelania hupensis was 82.22 hmm-2 in the monitoring sites except Hubei and Guangdong Province, and no infected Oncomelania hupensis was found in all the monitoring sites. Conclusion the total schistosomiasis infection rate in the permanent residents of the national schistosomiasis surveillance points continues to decrease steadily, and there is an imported schistosomiasis infection in the floating population. Cattle are still the main infected domestic animals with schistosomiasis. Although no infected snails were found, the distribution of snails was still large, and the newly discovered and existing snail environment still existed. In accordance with the unified requirements of the National schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), the monitoring system should be further improved to improve the scientific, sensitive and effective monitoring work.
【作者單位】： 中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心寄生蟲病預(yù)防控制所世界衛(wèi)生組織熱帶病合作中心衛(wèi)生部寄生蟲病原與媒介生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心傳染病預(yù)防控制處;
【基金】：上海市公共衛(wèi)生第四輪三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(15GWZK0101) 國家傳染病重大專項(xiàng)(2016ZX10004222-004)
【分類號(hào)】：R181.8;R532.21

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