本文選題：瘧疾 + 微小按蚊　； 參考：《重慶師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：瘧疾是嚴重危害人類健康的全球蚊媒傳染病，按蚊屬昆蟲是瘧原蟲病原的傳播媒介。世界衛(wèi)生組織將瘧疾列為全球三大公共衛(wèi)生問題之一。全世界每年有上百萬的生命因瘧疾死亡，非洲是瘧疾最嚴重的地區(qū)。東南亞地區(qū)各國的邊境是防治瘧疾薄弱的地區(qū)，生活在這些地區(qū)的人們極度貧窮，醫(yī)療設(shè)施差，瘧疾每年都有流行，嚴重影響人們的生命安全和減緩根除瘧疾的進度。為了給該地區(qū)的蚊媒控制提供基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)，并對該地區(qū)制定綜合的防瘧措施和傳瘧媒介控制提供參考，本研究在中緬邊境選取四個自然村，通過燈誘法捕捉按蚊，對采集的按蚊進行了形態(tài)學分類，使用復合PCR對微小按蚊進行了蚊種分子鑒定以及寄主檢測，使用巢式PCR對微小按蚊瘧原蟲感染進行了檢測，對中緬邊境的按蚊群落以及微小按蚊的傳瘧作用進行了探究。通過研究獲得如下主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論： 1.共采集到4833只按蚊，形態(tài)學鑒定到13種按蚊，微小按蚊占據(jù)標本的78.83%，其次是多斑按蚊種團和庫態(tài)按蚊復合體，分別占5.55%和4.03%，其他蚊種共占11.59%。因此微小按蚊是該地區(qū)按蚊群落的優(yōu)勢種群。 2.微小按蚊在瘧疾流行的雨季數(shù)量，遠遠超過微小按蚊在非瘧疾期的旱季數(shù)量，在雨季開始的五月，微小按蚊的數(shù)量達到了全年的一個高峰期，12月至次年的二月是全年的低峰期。因此，微小按蚊隨著季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)季節(jié)性消長。 3.104只飽血微小按蚊雌蚊用于PCR檢測血源和鑒定寄主，通過復合PCR檢測，從選取的104只飽血雌蚊中檢測出四種陽性動物血，分別是人血、豬血、牛血和狗血，也有兼吸兩種血的情況出現(xiàn)。人血是微小按蚊主要吸食的血液類型，，占據(jù)82.69%，其他三種吸食的血源分別是牛血（占8.65%）、豬血（占4.81%）、狗血（占3.85%）。因此，該地區(qū)的微小按蚊種群對人血有極大的偏好，有極高的人血指數(shù)，具有兼吸習性。 4.檢測了150組DNA樣本，1組樣本出現(xiàn)121bp的條帶亮斑，確定為間日瘧陽性，微小按蚊間日瘧感染率為0.07-0.7%。因此，微小按蚊是該中緬邊境地區(qū)的傳瘧媒介。 綜上所述，通過對中緬邊境地區(qū)按蚊群落構(gòu)成、微小按蚊季節(jié)消長情況和微小按蚊傳瘧作用的調(diào)查分析，揭示了微小按蚊是該地區(qū)主要的傳瘧媒介。
[Abstract]:Malaria is a global mosquito-borne infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. Anopheles is the transmission vector of Plasmodium parasites.The World Health Organization lists malaria as one of the three major public health problems in the world.Malaria kills millions of lives around the world every year, and Africa is the worst place for malaria.The borders of countries in Southeast Asia are weak areas for malaria control. People living in these areas are extremely poor, poor medical facilities, malaria is endemic every year, seriously affecting the lives of people and slowing the progress of malaria eradication.In order to provide the basic basis for mosquito vector control in this area and to provide a reference for the establishment of comprehensive malaria control measures and malaria vector control in this area, four natural villages were selected to capture Anopheles mosquitoes by lamp trapping along the border between China and Myanmar.Morphological classification of Anopheles minimus collected was carried out. Molecular identification and host detection of Anopheles minimus were carried out by using compound PCR. The infection of Anopheles minimus was detected by nested PCR.The Anopheles species and the malaria transmission of Anopheles minimus in the border of China and Myanmar were studied.The main findings and conclusions obtained from the study are as follows:1.A total of 4833 Anopheles were collected, 13 species of Anopheles were identified by morphology, 78.83 species of Anopheles minimus accounted for 78.83%, followed by Anopheles polymaculatus and Anopheles bundles complex, accounting for 5.55% and 4.03%, respectively, and the other species accounted for 11.59%.Therefore, Anopheles minimus is the dominant population of Anopheles minimus community in this area.2.The number of Anopheles minimus endemic in the rainy season is far greater than the number of Anopheles minimus in the dry season during the non-malaria season. In May, when the rainy season began, the population of Anopheles minimus reached a peak throughout the year, with December to February of the following year being the low peak period of the year.Therefore, Anopheles minimus showed seasonal fluctuations with seasonal changes.3.104 female mosquitoes of Anopheles minimus (Anopheles minimus) were used to detect blood source and host by PCR. Four kinds of positive animal blood, human, pig, cattle and dog blood, were detected from 104 female mosquitoes by combined PCR detection.There are also two kinds of blood intake.Human blood is the main blood type of Anopheles minimus, accounting for 82.69. The other three blood sources are bovine blood (8.65%), pig blood (4.81%) and dog blood (3.85%).Therefore, the population of Anopheles minimus in this area has a great preference for human blood, a very high human blood index and a habit of simultaneous absorption.4.In the first group of 150 groups of DNA samples, there were bright spots in 121bp bands, which were confirmed to be vivax malaria positive, and the infection rate of vivax malaria was 0.07-0.7 in the first group of Anopheles minimus (Anopheles minimus).Therefore, Anopheles minimus is the malaria vector in the border area between China and Myanmar.In conclusion, through the investigation and analysis of Anopheles minimus community composition, seasonal growth and decline of Anopheles minimus and the effect of Anopheles minimus on malaria transmission in the Sino-Myanmar border area, it is revealed that Anopheles minimus is the main vector of malaria transmission in this area.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R531.3

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