本文選題：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 廣播�。� 參考：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Vehicular ad-hoc network, VANET)是智能交通系統(tǒng)研究領(lǐng)域中非常有前景的一個方向,已經(jīng)成為無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和智能交通系統(tǒng)研究的一大熱點(diǎn),受到眾多科研機(jī)構(gòu)和學(xué)者的重視。由于傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及未來智能交通應(yīng)用的多樣性,VANET中信息量非常大,且各種信息的服務(wù)質(zhì)量需求迥異。例如,在防追尾警告、交叉路口碰撞預(yù)警等安全應(yīng)用中,需要可靠、及時地把消息廣播給相關(guān)的車輛,在商業(yè)電子廣告發(fā)布、停車位預(yù)訂、信息共享與查詢等非安全應(yīng)用中,需要高效率地把消息傳輸?shù)教囟ǖ牡乩韰^(qū)域。所以,數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)是VANET中一個十分基礎(chǔ)而又重要的問題。 由于車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)高速移動、密度不均、通信場景復(fù)雜多變的特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致VANET的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)高度動態(tài)、信道極其不穩(wěn)定和不可靠。在VANET中進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定高效的多跳數(shù)據(jù)傳輸是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn),傳統(tǒng)移動自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)技術(shù)并不適用于VANET.如何在VANET中提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信的性能,根據(jù)不同的應(yīng)用需求進(jìn)行有效的數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā),保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量,是學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界一直關(guān)注的研究熱點(diǎn)。 針對VANET高度動態(tài)且不可靠的特點(diǎn),本文既研究了緊急數(shù)據(jù)快速分發(fā)的廣播協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì),同時也考慮了非緊急數(shù)據(jù)的高效率分發(fā)問題。本文的研究工作取得的創(chuàng)新性成果如下：1、針對VANET拓?fù)淇焖僮兓�、信道質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn),提出了發(fā)送端指派的機(jī)會廣播協(xié)議SOBP (Sender-designated Opportunistic Broadcast Protocol),并推導(dǎo)了機(jī)會廣播的期望重傳次數(shù),引入重傳機(jī)制加強(qiáng)廣播傳輸?shù)目煽啃?解決了VANET廣播中存在的兩個新問題：慢反應(yīng)問題和局部廣播風(fēng)暴問題。SOBP廣播數(shù)據(jù)時,根據(jù)VANET網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋷罘植嫉奶攸c(diǎn)由發(fā)送端利用方向和距離作為度量,指定固定數(shù)目的候選轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中繼并預(yù)先分配優(yōu)先級來控制轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時機(jī)。仿真結(jié)果表明,SOBP固定了候選轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中繼的數(shù)目,大大節(jié)省了網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬,注入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)量較少,成功解決了廣播風(fēng)暴問題以及慢反應(yīng)問題和局部廣播風(fēng)暴問題,提高了廣播信息分發(fā)的可靠性。 2、針對廣播時延要求嚴(yán)格的VANET安全應(yīng)用,提出了自適應(yīng)的多候選中繼機(jī)會廣播協(xié)議MCROB (Multiple Candidate Relays Opportunistic Broadcast)。在分析機(jī)會廣播傳輸速度的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了新的候選轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中繼選擇度量：期望傳輸速度ETS (Expected Transmission Speed)。分析并推導(dǎo)了數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio),根據(jù)PDR和ETS提出了一個啟發(fā)式的優(yōu)先級調(diào)度規(guī)則來選擇候選轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中繼集合。同時提出了一個自適應(yīng)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度和流量負(fù)載的候選轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中繼協(xié)作時延估計(jì)算法,動態(tài)設(shè)定中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)重傳(或轉(zhuǎn)發(fā))計(jì)時器。仿真分析表明,MCROB有效減少了廣播傳輸時延,性能優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有廣播協(xié)議,滿足廣播信息對實(shí)時傳輸?shù)男枨蟆?3、針對VANET信道的不可靠和時延抖動敏感數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)囊?提出了下三角的漸進(jìn)編碼方法,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種新的基于動態(tài)滑動窗口的網(wǎng)絡(luò)編碼傳輸策略。該策略的編碼窗口根據(jù)不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境動態(tài)滑動,利用隨機(jī)線性網(wǎng)絡(luò)編碼技術(shù)有效地提高了端到端的吞吐,同時利用下三角的漸進(jìn)編碼方法平滑了數(shù)據(jù)包在接收端的解碼時間間隔。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,此傳輸策略比傳統(tǒng)的分代網(wǎng)絡(luò)編碼策略具有更高的吞吐量和更小的時延抖動,更適合流媒體等時延抖動敏感的數(shù)據(jù)流傳輸。 4、針對VANET中基于區(qū)域位置的服務(wù),提出了本地響應(yīng)服務(wù)LRS (Local Response Service)的概念,并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出了一種基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)編碼技術(shù)的區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)策略。LRS的主要思想是服務(wù)區(qū)域內(nèi)的任意一個節(jié)點(diǎn)請求,都可以由其鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)提供服務(wù)。該策略根據(jù)這個思想把待分發(fā)的內(nèi)容通過隨機(jī)線性網(wǎng)絡(luò)編碼技術(shù)進(jìn)行編碼,使之具有無差異性和地位對等的特點(diǎn),然后把這些數(shù)據(jù)隨機(jī)地分發(fā)到服務(wù)區(qū)域內(nèi)的各個移動車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)中并緩存以作回應(yīng)請求之用。為了計(jì)算響應(yīng)請求時所需傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)量,提出了鄰居數(shù)據(jù)有效性的概念來判斷一個節(jié)點(diǎn)是否是合格的服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn),避免了無效傳輸,節(jié)省了網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬。同時還提出了緩存數(shù)據(jù)更新策略,改善了緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)響應(yīng)服務(wù)的有效性。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,LRS策略避免了多跳傳輸,有效降低了數(shù)據(jù)的分發(fā)延遲,改善了整個系統(tǒng)的消息傳遞率。
[Abstract]:Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a very promising direction in the research field of intelligent transportation system. It has become a hot spot in the research of wireless network and intelligent transportation system. It has been paid much attention by many scientific research institutions and scholars. The development of sensing technology and the diversity of future intelligent traffic applications In nature, the amount of information in VANET is very large, and the quality of service of various information is very different. For example, in security applications such as anti rear end warning, intersection collision warning and other security applications, it needs to be reliable, timely broadcast messages to relevant vehicles, in non safe applications such as commercial electronic advertising, parking space reservation, information sharing and inquiry, and so on. Data dissemination is a very basic and important issue in VANET.
Due to the high speed movement, uneven density of vehicle nodes and complex and changeable communication scenes, the topology of VANET is highly dynamic and the channel is extremely unstable and unreliable. It is a great challenge to carry out stable and efficient multi hop data transmission in VANET. The data distribution technology of traditional mobile self organizing network is not suitable for VANET., such as How to improve the performance of network communication in VANET and to distribute effective data according to different application requirements and ensure the quality of service provided by the network is a hot research focus in the academic and industrial circles.
In view of the high dynamic and unreliable characteristics of VANET, this paper not only studies the broadcast protocol design of rapid distribution of emergency data, but also takes into account the efficient distribution of non emergency data. The innovative achievements of this research work are as follows: 1, the transmission of VANET topology and the characteristics of channel quality instability are proposed. The opportunity broadcast protocol SOBP (Sender-designated Opportunistic Broadcast Protocol) is assigned, and the expected retransmission times of opportunity broadcasting are derived, the retransmission mechanism is introduced to strengthen the reliability of broadcast transmission, and the two new problems existing in VANET Broadcasting: slow response question and local broadcast storm problem.SOBP broadcast data, root, are solved. According to the characteristics of the VANET network topology, the characteristics of the banded distribution are measured by the direction and distance of the sending end, designate a fixed number of candidate forwarding relays and pre assign the priority to control the forwarding opportunity. The simulation results show that the number of candidate forwarding relays is fixed by SOBP, and the network bandwidth is greatly saved, and the amount of data injected into the network is less, successful. The problems of broadcast storm, slow response and local broadcast storm are solved, and the reliability of broadcast information distribution is improved.
2, an adaptive multi candidate relay opportunity broadcast protocol MCROB (Multiple Candidate Relays Opportunistic Broadcast) is proposed for the VANET secure application with strict broadcast delay. Based on the analysis of the transmission speed of the opportunity broadcast, a new candidate forwarding relay selection measure is proposed: the expected transmission speed ETS (Expected Transmis). Sion Speed). Analyze and deduce packet transfer rate PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio). Based on PDR and ETS, a heuristic priority scheduling rule is proposed to select candidate forwarding relay sets. At the same time, an adaptive forwarding relay cooperation delay estimation algorithm is proposed, which is adaptive to network node density and traffic load. The relay node retransmission (or forwarding) timer. The simulation analysis shows that MCROB effectively reduces the broadcast transmission delay, and the performance is better than the existing broadcasting protocol, and meets the demand of the broadcast information for real-time transmission.
3, aiming at the requirement of unreliable and time-delay jitter sensitive data transmission in VANET channel, a progressive coding method of lower triangle is proposed. On this basis, a new network coding transmission strategy based on dynamic sliding window is proposed. The coding window of this strategy is dynamically sliding according to different network environment and using random linear network coding. The technology effectively improves the end-to-end huff and puff, and smoothes the decoding time interval of the data packet at the receiving end by the progressive encoding method of the lower triangle. The simulation experiment shows that the transmission strategy has higher throughput and smaller delay jitter than the traditional generation network coding strategy, and is more sensitive to the delay jitter of the streaming media. Data stream transmission.
4, the concept of local response service LRS (Local Response Service) is proposed for service based on regional location in VANET. Based on this, the main idea of a regional data distribution strategy based on network coding technology,.LRS, is an arbitrary node request in the service area, which can provide service by its neighbor nodes. The strategy is based on this idea to encode the content to be distributed through the random linear network coding technology, so that it has the characteristics of non difference and status equivalence, and then randomly distribute these data into each mobile vehicle node in the service area and cache it for response request. In order to calculate the response request, it is necessary to calculate the response request. The amount of data transmitted, the concept of neighbor data validity is proposed to determine whether a node is a qualified service node, avoiding invalid transmission and saving network bandwidth. At the same time, a cache data updating strategy is proposed, which improves the effectiveness of the cache node response service. The simulation experiment shows that the LRS strategy avoids multi hop transmission and is effective. The data distribution delay is reduced, and the message passing rate of the whole system is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TN929.5

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