本文選題：《條例》實(shí)施　切入點(diǎn)：二手煙草煙霧　出處：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：背景 二手煙草煙霧中含有多種有毒有害物質(zhì),二手煙暴露會(huì)導(dǎo)致人體多器官和多系統(tǒng)的損害,給人體健康造成嚴(yán)重危害。近幾年來(lái),隨著多個(gè)城市出臺(tái)或修訂地方性控?zé)煼ㄒ?guī),我國(guó)地方控?zé)熈⒎üぷ魅〉梅e極進(jìn)展。2012年5月31日,《哈爾濱市防止二手煙草煙霧危害條例》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《條例》)正式生效,此《條例》是我國(guó)首部符合世界衛(wèi)生組織《煙草控制框架公約》要求的地方性控?zé)煼ㄒ?guī),首次強(qiáng)調(diào)了被動(dòng)吸煙者的權(quán)利,接近實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)環(huán)境100%無(wú)煙的要求,網(wǎng)吧也在禁煙范圍之列。 目的 評(píng)估《條例》實(shí)施對(duì)降低哈爾濱市網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)二手煙草煙霧暴露有無(wú)效果。 方法 本研究采用自身前后對(duì)比的設(shè)計(jì)方案,在《條例》實(shí)施前1個(gè)月和實(shí)施后1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月對(duì)40家網(wǎng)吧進(jìn)行三次重復(fù)調(diào)查。在下午網(wǎng)吧客流高峰期以上網(wǎng)者的身份,進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察和顆粒物PM2。濃度監(jiān)測(cè)。在網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)和舉報(bào)電話張貼情況、有無(wú)煙具、煙頭和煙草廣告、是否售煙、吸煙情況、對(duì)吸煙者是否有人勸阻,同時(shí)使用Side Pak AM510個(gè)人型氣溶膠監(jiān)測(cè)儀對(duì)室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),該監(jiān)測(cè)儀由美國(guó)專業(yè)生產(chǎn)粉塵檢測(cè)儀器的TSI公司生產(chǎn)。 結(jié)果 1、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察情況：《條例》實(shí)施后,77.5%的網(wǎng)吧按要求在門(mén)口張貼了禁止吸煙標(biāo)識(shí),87.5%的網(wǎng)吧在墻上張貼禁止吸煙標(biāo)識(shí),衛(wèi)生間和包間張貼禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)數(shù)量沒(méi)有顯著變化。72.5%的網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)仍有煙味,55%的網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)仍有個(gè)別的吸煙者吸煙,吸煙者數(shù)量較實(shí)施前明顯下降,但這些網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)并沒(méi)有人對(duì)吸煙者進(jìn)行勸阻。55%的網(wǎng)吧地上發(fā)現(xiàn)煙頭,40家網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)均不再擺放煙灰缸。 《條例》實(shí)施前、實(shí)施1個(gè)月、實(shí)施3個(gè)月,本研究調(diào)查的40家網(wǎng)吧,在調(diào)查期間,均沒(méi)有看到勸阻情況和執(zhí)法人員對(duì)網(wǎng)吧執(zhí)法監(jiān)督情況。 2、室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度監(jiān)測(cè)：《條例》實(shí)施前后,各調(diào)查輪次間網(wǎng)吧室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度、平均水平并沒(méi)有差異。同時(shí)分別對(duì)《條例》實(shí)施后兩輪調(diào)查中各輪次的網(wǎng)吧門(mén)口禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)張貼明顯和不明顯、室內(nèi)有無(wú)吸煙現(xiàn)象網(wǎng)吧室內(nèi)PM2.5濃度做t檢驗(yàn)分析,結(jié)果表明,無(wú)吸煙現(xiàn)象的網(wǎng)吧PM2.5濃度確實(shí)比有吸煙現(xiàn)象的網(wǎng)吧低�！稐l例》實(shí)施1個(gè)月調(diào)查時(shí),禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)張貼明顯的網(wǎng)吧比禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)不明顯的網(wǎng)吧PM2.5濃度低,但等《條例》實(shí)施3個(gè)月后,禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)張貼明顯的網(wǎng)吧與禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)張貼不明顯的網(wǎng)吧PM2.5濃度無(wú)差異。 結(jié)論 1.哈爾濱市無(wú)煙立法實(shí)施后,網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)數(shù)量有所增加,煙具擺放數(shù)量明顯下降。 2.法律實(shí)施一個(gè)月后,網(wǎng)吧內(nèi)吸煙人數(shù)有所降低,但由于缺乏有效執(zhí)法,網(wǎng)吧工作人員也沒(méi)有對(duì)吸煙者進(jìn)行勸阻,吸煙現(xiàn)象并未禁絕,室內(nèi)PM2.5水平?jīng)]有明顯下降。 3.法律實(shí)施三個(gè)月后,執(zhí)法情況仍沒(méi)有明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。吸煙者違法吸煙沒(méi)有得到有效勸阻,吸煙情況有所反彈。
[Abstract]:Background. Secondhand tobacco smoke contains a variety of toxic and harmful substances. Exposure to secondhand smoke will cause damage to human body organs and systems, and cause serious harm to human health. In recent years, with the introduction or revision of local smoking control laws in many cities, In May 31st 2012, Harbin City regulations on the Prevention of secondhand Tobacco smoke Hazard (hereinafter referred to as "regulations") came into effect. The regulations are the first local tobacco control regulations in China that meet the requirements of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, emphasizing for the first time the rights of passive smokers and approaching the requirement of 100% smokeless indoor environments. Internet cafes are also in the category of no smoking. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of implementing regulations on reducing tobacco smoke exposure in Harbin Internet cafes. Method. This study adopted the design scheme of comparison before and after the implementation of the regulations, and carried out three repeated surveys on 40 Internet cafes one month before and one month after the implementation of the regulations. Field observation and PM2.Concentration monitoring. Observe smoking ban signs and report telephone posting in Internet cafes, whether there are smoke devices, cigarette butts and tobacco advertisements, whether to sell cigarettes, smoking status, and whether smokers are discouraged from doing so. At the same time, Side Pak AM510 personal aerosol monitor is used to monitor indoor PM2.5 concentration, which is produced by TSI Company, which specializes in the production of dust detection instruments in the United States. Results. 1. Field observation: after the implementation of the regulations, 77.5% of the Internet cafes put up no smoking signs at the door as required. 87.5% of the Internet cafes put up no smoking signs on the walls. There was no significant change in the number of non-smoking signs posted in bathrooms and private rooms. 72.5% of Internet cafes still had smoke smell and 55% of Internet cafes found that individual smokers were still smoking, and the number of smokers was significantly lower than that before implementation. But no one in these Internet cafes dissuade smokers. 55% of Internet cafes found cigarette butts in 40 Internet cafes no longer put ashtrays on the floor. Before the implementation of the regulations, one month and three months before the implementation of the regulations, the 40 Internet cafes investigated in this study did not see the situation of dissuasion and the supervision of law enforcement personnel on the law enforcement of Internet cafes during the investigation period. 2, indoor PM2.5 concentration monitoring: before and after the implementation of the regulations, the indoor PM2.5 concentration of each round of Internet cafes was investigated, There is no difference in the average level. At the same time, t test and analysis of the indoor PM2.5 concentration of Internet cafes in the two rounds of investigation after the implementation of the regulations are also made, which are obvious and not obvious, and whether there is smoking in the indoor Internet cafes, the results show that, The concentration of PM2.5 in Internet cafes without smoking phenomenon is indeed lower than that in Internet cafes with smoking phenomenon. When the investigation was carried out for one month, the concentration of PM2.5 in Internet cafes where smoking ban signs were clearly posted was lower than that in Internet caf 茅 s with no smoking signs, but after the implementation of the regulations three months later, There was no difference in PM2.5 concentration between Internet cafes and non-smoking cafes. Conclusion. 1. After the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Harbin, the number of non-smoking signs in Internet cafes has increased, and the number of smoking utensils has decreased significantly. 2. A month after the implementation of the law, the number of smokers in Internet cafes has decreased, but due to the lack of effective law enforcement, Internet caf 茅 workers have not discouraged smokers, smoking has not been banned, and the level of indoor PM2.5 has not decreased significantly. 3. Three months after the implementation of the law, the law enforcement situation has not improved significantly. Smokers have not been effectively dissuaded from illegal smoking, and the smoking situation has rebounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R193.3

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