本文選題：魏晉南北朝　切入點(diǎn)：風(fēng)俗　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：《風(fēng)俗視域下魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦研究》一文主要從魏晉南北朝時(shí)期衣、食、住、行等物質(zhì)生活風(fēng)俗及人生禮俗、節(jié)日娛樂(lè)等社會(huì)生活風(fēng)俗出發(fā),通過(guò)分析魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦中蔚為大觀(guān)的風(fēng)俗事物和現(xiàn)象,探討風(fēng)俗性詩(shī)賦在文學(xué)上的傳承與發(fā)展。同時(shí)運(yùn)用點(diǎn)面結(jié)合的方法,探討某些專(zhuān)題類(lèi)詩(shī)賦如蠶、桑、織詩(shī)賦、游宴詩(shī)賦、飲酒詩(shī)賦、都邑詩(shī)賦、祖餞詩(shī)賦、游覽詩(shī)賦、棄婦詩(shī)賦、喪葬詩(shī)賦、上巳詩(shī)賦、棋藝詩(shī)賦、嘯賦等的風(fēng)俗價(jià)值、審美理想、哲理意蘊(yùn)和文化意義。即運(yùn)用民俗學(xué)的視角來(lái)研究魏晉南北朝時(shí)期代表著精英文化的詩(shī)賦作品,總結(jié)歸納詩(shī)賦作品中蘊(yùn)含的風(fēng)俗內(nèi)涵,概括魏晉南北朝時(shí)期風(fēng)俗的時(shí)代特色,解析風(fēng)俗與詩(shī)賦文學(xué)之間深層次的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。第一章主要從服飾風(fēng)俗視角研究魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦。魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦中記載了蔚為大觀(guān)的服飾風(fēng)俗景象,無(wú)論是女子的裙衿、佩飾,還是男子的冠、袍、麈尾,無(wú)不華麗奢靡,成為展現(xiàn)女子風(fēng)韻、名士風(fēng)流的符號(hào)標(biāo)記。服飾上的繁榮離不開(kāi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和手工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,先蠶禮、籍田禮等國(guó)家祭典,從政治層面規(guī)范和推動(dòng)著民間蠶、桑習(xí)俗的形成,同時(shí)也為詩(shī)賦創(chuàng)作提供了深厚的歷史淵源。蠶、桑、織詩(shī)賦作品中既有親蠶儀式的描寫(xiě),也有桑樹(shù)象征意味的吟詠,還有相思主題的傳遞,蘊(yùn)含豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。魏晉南北朝服飾詩(shī)賦巧妙運(yùn)用服飾意象,通過(guò)搗衣、釵、鏡等極具有生活氣息的事物來(lái)傳遞情感,將離別之情、空閨之苦、相思之艱表達(dá)得更為酣暢淋漓,使普通的服飾物象超脫了原有物質(zhì)層面的意義,成為表現(xiàn)情感、展現(xiàn)時(shí)代特征的一種象征,增強(qiáng)了文學(xué)的抒情色彩。第二章主要從飲食風(fēng)俗視角研究魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦。魏晉南北朝時(shí)期飲食風(fēng)俗具有明顯的精致化、尚奇性和競(jìng)奢性?xún)A向,既有種類(lèi)繁多、制作精細(xì)的食物和飲品,也有工藝復(fù)雜、造型絕倫的飲食器皿,還有來(lái)自異域的珍奇。飲食生活的繁榮,直接推動(dòng)了飲食類(lèi)詩(shī)賦文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的興盛,帶來(lái)詠物詩(shī)賦、宮廷游宴詩(shī)賦、飲酒詩(shī)賦等創(chuàng)作的繁榮。這一時(shí)期盛行的服食文化,既有靈芝、桂、菊、桃、棗等食物,也有五服散等各種丹丸,形成了新的社會(huì)飲食崇尚,成為構(gòu)建游仙詩(shī)的有機(jī)組成部分。魏晉南北朝飲食詩(shī)賦重視在普通的飲食物品中寄寓情緒和人生思考,凸顯事物的文化內(nèi)涵和寓意特征,如鱸魚(yú)、莼菜與思鄉(xiāng)之情,蓮與愛(ài)戀、思念等,將普通的物品演繹成為某類(lèi)思想的代表,提升了飲食物象的審美價(jià)值。第三章主要從住行風(fēng)俗視角研究魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦。魏晉南北朝建筑風(fēng)俗中的象征主義,即風(fēng)水學(xué)中的"居中"、"占邊"等內(nèi)容,不僅影響著城邑的規(guī)劃、宮殿樓宇的建造和園林的設(shè)計(jì),而且影響到相關(guān)建筑詩(shī)賦的文學(xué)寫(xiě)作,對(duì)都市宮殿賦的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容、描寫(xiě)方式以及對(duì)山水田園詩(shī)賦沖淡自然的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格都產(chǎn)生了不可忽視的作用。都邑賦內(nèi)容包羅萬(wàn)象,需要賦者"苞括宇宙,總攬人物"的宏闊視角和卓越才能,使風(fēng)水師與作者間的關(guān)系更加密切。無(wú)論是紀(jì)實(shí)類(lèi)還是意象類(lèi)都邑詩(shī),都在摹寫(xiě)現(xiàn)實(shí)或過(guò)去城市的宏偉壯觀(guān)、宮殿的富麗堂皇,在繁華的風(fēng)俗物象中展現(xiàn)城市的奢靡和浮華。眾多的民俗現(xiàn)象、各類(lèi)標(biāo)志性建筑、具有意象特征的人物等都共同演繹著都市的鮮活,表現(xiàn)出濃烈的時(shí)代特色。魏晉南北朝時(shí)期行旅的物質(zhì)條件日趨完備,行旅風(fēng)俗繁多,有出行擇吉、祖道行神祭祀、餞別送行、游覽紀(jì)行等。繁榮的行旅風(fēng)俗推動(dòng)著詩(shī)賦創(chuàng)作的興盛,祖餞詩(shī)題和描寫(xiě)內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)變與發(fā)展,是文學(xué)對(duì)風(fēng)俗演變真實(shí)而敏銳的記載與反映,顯示出文人詩(shī)性交際發(fā)展的異軍突起以及文學(xué)對(duì)于風(fēng)俗的雅正。游覽紀(jì)行詩(shī)賦創(chuàng)作的繁榮反映出這一時(shí)期游覽風(fēng)俗的興盛,人們?cè)趯?duì)山水的描寫(xiě)中逐漸意識(shí)到自然山水的獨(dú)立審美價(jià)值,強(qiáng)化了山水游覽詩(shī)的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)模式,表現(xiàn)出玄游山水的時(shí)代特征。第四章主要從人生禮俗視角研究魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦,主要包括生育、婚姻、喪葬等三方面。在生育方面,這一時(shí)期的求子風(fēng)俗形式多樣、活動(dòng)頻繁,集中反映出這一時(shí)期鬼神文化的興盛。佩戴宜男花,充分表現(xiàn)出古代對(duì)于生男的渴望,在宜男花詩(shī)賦中更集中地闡發(fā)了宜男花與生育民俗的密切關(guān)系。在乳名小字的擬定和使用中,都顯示出神仙方術(shù)等民間迷信的流行以及佛教盛行的時(shí)代特色。在婚姻方面,擇吉、卻扇、財(cái)婚等風(fēng)俗都成為婚姻詩(shī)賦的表現(xiàn)內(nèi)容,特別是棄婦詩(shī)賦中大量使用"蘼蕪"、"浮萍"、"團(tuán)扇"等意象,表現(xiàn)棄婦多是因無(wú)子和人老色衰而遭拋棄,反映出當(dāng)時(shí)女性在婚姻關(guān)系中的附屬地位。在喪葬方面,魏晉南北朝基本上延續(xù)漢代的喪葬制度,在收殮、治喪、送葬過(guò)程中凝聚儒家"慎終追遠(yuǎn)"的生死觀(guān)念,表現(xiàn)在詩(shī)賦文學(xué)作品中,主要有臨終詩(shī)、挽歌詩(shī)和悼亡詩(shī)賦等三個(gè)方面。這一時(shí)期的挽歌既有送葬途中扶靈柩者所唱的葬禮挽歌,也有書(shū)寫(xiě)死亡認(rèn)識(shí)、表達(dá)自我情緒的文人挽歌、自挽歌;悼亡詩(shī)賦也往往由悼念逝者而引發(fā)深深的自悼,使人產(chǎn)生世事無(wú)常、生命易逝的悲涼無(wú)奈,使得這一時(shí)期的悼亡所悼念的不僅僅是亡者,更是生者與整個(gè)時(shí)代的挽歌。第五章主要從節(jié)日、娛樂(lè)風(fēng)俗視角研究魏晉南北朝詩(shī)賦。魏晉南北朝時(shí)期節(jié)日豐富,節(jié)日時(shí)間趨向固定,氣氛逐漸輕松,娛樂(lè)因子日漸凸顯,既有禳災(zāi)逐疫的傳統(tǒng)意味,也有歡慶自?shī)实臅r(shí)代風(fēng)尚,同時(shí)反映出不同思想、宗教文化的相互滲透與影響。其中上巳節(jié)是魏晉南北朝最具游樂(lè)意味、詩(shī)賦創(chuàng)作最為繁盛的節(jié)日,在上巳詩(shī)賦中既有對(duì)臨水祓禊、曲水流觴等節(jié)日活動(dòng)的如實(shí)記錄,也有文人詩(shī)酒相娛、將節(jié)日文藝化、高雅化的時(shí)代傾向。這一時(shí)期娛樂(lè)風(fēng)俗中的游藝風(fēng)俗和樂(lè)舞風(fēng)俗,都有縱情歡愉、肆意游樂(lè)的時(shí)代特色。無(wú)論是消遣觀(guān)賞的斗戲還是腦力競(jìng)技的弈棋,無(wú)論是樂(lè)器還是舞蹈,都是人們用以休閑娛樂(lè)的游戲方式,都貫穿著知足常樂(lè)、超脫物外的理想精神。如在棋藝詩(shī)賦中,集中體現(xiàn)著兵家思想的傳承和休閑游戲的較量,甚至將圍棋與求仙巧妙地結(jié)合,為圍棋蒙上了神秘的仙家色彩。而嘯這種特殊的音樂(lè)形式,凝聚著魏晉士人特有的超脫情懷,更成為魏晉風(fēng)流的象征符號(hào)之一。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分主要是概括魏晉南北朝風(fēng)俗的時(shí)代特點(diǎn),闡釋風(fēng)俗與文學(xué)密不可分的關(guān)系。魏晉南北朝作為我國(guó)古代"精神史上極自由、極解放"的時(shí)代,在諸多的風(fēng)俗中都表現(xiàn)出時(shí)代的融通與變革,使這一時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗具有多樣性、包容性、趨同性、世俗性等特點(diǎn),在詩(shī)賦作品中也有相應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)。風(fēng)俗文化不但是文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的力量與源泉,同時(shí)還豐富和充實(shí)文學(xué)作品的思想內(nèi)容,使文學(xué)本身成為不少風(fēng)俗活動(dòng)的組成部分,而重要的風(fēng)俗活動(dòng)也推動(dòng)著文學(xué)創(chuàng)作形成新的主題和審美追求。文學(xué)與風(fēng)俗的完美結(jié)合,更有利于體現(xiàn)出積淀在民情風(fēng)俗中的深厚文化內(nèi)涵,共同完成優(yōu)美的社會(huì)風(fēng)俗畫(huà)卷。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of "custom Weijin poems on a paper from the period > clothing, the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as food, living customs and etiquette, holiday entertainment and other social customs of life, through the analysis of poetry in the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties customs about things and phenomena, to explore the inheritance and development of poetry in the literary genre at the same time. The method of using Dianmianjiege, discusses some special types of poetry such as silkworm, mulberry, weave poems, banquet poems, drinking poetry, rhyme of poetry, the departing poems, tour poems, abandoned funeral poems, poems, Shangsi poems, chess Fu Xiao Fu of the customs value, aesthetic ideal and philosophy the meaning and cultural significance. The use of folklore from the perspective of the southern and Northern Dynasties represents the elite culture works, customs and connotations of summarizing works, summary of Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties custom Era Characteristics of deep interaction between custom and poetry literature. Analysis the first chapter from the perspective of the study on poetry dress customs in northern and Southern Dynasties. Weijin poetry recorded the splendid costumes scene, both women dress Jin, accessories, or man's crown, robe, duster, all gorgeous luxury, as show the women's charm and symbols. The development of clothing and the unconventional ways of scholars cannot do without the prosperity of agricultural production and handicraft technology, xiancan ritual, ritual ceremony Ji Tian and other countries, from the political level to regulate and promote the formation of folk customs of the silkworm, mulberry, but also provides a profound historical origin for poetry creation. Silkworm mulberry, silkworm, Pro is the description of the ceremony fabric works, there are mulberry symbolic chant, and the theme of the transfer of Acacia, contains rich cultural connotations. The clever use of clothing image of southern and Northern Dynasties costume through poetry A hairpin, mirror Daoyi, extremely has the breath of life that will convey emotion, feelings of separation, Konggui bitter lovesickness difficulties expressed more fully and delightfully, the ordinary clothing images out of the original physical meaning, become a symbol of emotional expression, showing the characteristics of the times, enhance the literature lyrical color. The second chapter mainly from the perspective of the study on diet custom poetry in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties has obvious refinement of the northern and Southern Dynasties diet, is singular and competitive luxury tendencies, both variety and production of fine food and drink, also has a complex process, eating utensils modeling exquisite, and exotic exotic. Eating a life of prosperity, directly contributed to the prosperity of the food and literature creation, bring Yongwu poems, court banquet poetry, poetry creation and prosperity. Drinking culture as prevalent during this period, both the Ganoderma lucidum, guangxi, Chrysanthemum, peach, jujube and other food, there are also five casual clothes and other pills, the formation of a new social diet advocating, become an integral part of the construction. The attention in the general's food items in his emotions and thoughts about life and diet in northern and Southern Dynasties, highlight the cultural connotations and moral characteristics, such as sea bass and, Brasenia homesickness, lotus and love, miss, will become common items on behalf of a kind of thinking, enhance the aesthetic value of food images. The third chapter mainly from the perspective of poetry for the research of Wei Jin and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The customs and customs of the northern and Southern Dynasties architectural symbolism, namely Feng Shui in the middle "," edge ", not only affects the city planning, the palace building construction and landscape design, but also related to the construction of poetry writing, writing content of urban palace Fu, describing the manner of Pastoral Poetry Fu dilute the natural language style has a role can not be ignored. The content of Duyi Fu Fu "to cover and contain everything, including the universe, the overall character of the broad perspective and excellence, the relationship between the writer and the Feng Shui closer. Whether documentary or imagery are Yi poetry, in depicting the reality in the past the city or the magnificent, magnificent palace, in the bustling city of custom images show extravagant and flashy. Many folk phenomenon, various landmarks, has the characteristic of image characters are a common interpretation of urban living, showing strong characteristics of the times. The southern and Northern Dynasties during the material conditions of increasingly complete travel custom travel range, Kyrgyzstan, ancestor worship God Daoxing, farewell tour travel off, etc. promote the prosperity of prosperity of the travel custom poems, poems and write the contents of the departing and change The development of literature on evolution of real and sharp customs records and reflect, showing the development of literati poetic communication and literature for the customs of the A new force suddenly rises. Masatada. In the tour poem prosperity reflects the prosperity of this period tour custom, people in the landscape description in gradually realize the independent aesthetic value of the natural landscape. Strengthening the writing structure model of landscape tour poem, showing the characteristics of the times Xuan travel landscape. The fourth chapter mainly from the perspective of the study on life etiquette and the northern and Southern Dynasties, including birth, marriage, funeral and other three aspects. In the family, this time praying custom forms, reflects the prosperity of frequent activities. Ghost culture in this period. Wear appropriate male flowers, fully showing the ancient for male desire, in male flowers should be poetry more concentrated exposition should close male flowers and fertility folk. Department. In the development and use of nicknames in print, show and other folk immortal art superstitions and popular Buddhist characteristics of the times. In the aspects of marriage, Kyrgyzstan, but fan, marriage customs have become the content of the poem especially marriage, and used a large number of abandoned "Mi Wu", "duckweed". "Fan" and other images, performance is abandoned because no children and old and abandoned, reflects the women's marriage in the subordinate position. In the funeral, Wei and Jin Dynasties of Han Dynasty is basically a continuation of the funeral system, funeral, cohesion in Jonathan, Confucian "ancestors" concept of life and death funeral procession in poetry, literary works, mainly in three aspects: death poem, Elegy and mourning poems. This period is the funeral elegy that way act as pallbearer singing funeral elegy, also written death awareness, emotional self in literary expression Since the song elegy; mourning poems are often caused by the memory of the deceased Grier deeply, make the person produces impermanence, life is fleeting desolate and helpless, make this a period of mourning is not only to mourn the dead, is living and the whole era of elegy. The fifth chapter mainly from the holiday, entertainment and study of Wei and Jin Dynasty from the perspective of custom in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The festival is rich, holiday time trend is fixed, the atmosphere gradually relaxed, entertainment factor is obvious, not only prevent disaster infected by traditional means, also celebrate the entertainment trend of the times, and reflect the different thoughts, mutual penetration and influence of religious culture. The Shangsi Festival is the Wei and Jin Dynasties North Korea's most recreational means, the most prosperous festival for poetry creation, poetry in Shangsi both on the waterfront Fuxi, Pipa and other festival records, also literati poetry Wine Festival Entertainment, art, elegant The era of tendency. During this period, the customs and customs entertainment entertainment and customs, have to indulge in pleasure, the characteristics of the times. It is wanton pleasure to watch the fight scenes or mental recreation sports play chess, both instrument and dance, people are used to entertainment games, all permeated with contentment the ideal, the spirit of a detached object. As in chess Fu, embodies a thought inheritance and leisure game contest, even with Qiuxian cleverly combined to go, go to cast a mysterious color. The fairy house and the music form of this special Xiao Wei and Jin Dynasties, embodies the unique feelings of detachment that has become one of the most romantic symbol of Wei and Jin Dynasty. The conclusion part is mainly summarized in the Wei and Jin dynasties characteristics of Customs of the northern and Southern Dynasties, explain the relationship between the customs and literature inseparable. Wei and Jin Dynasties in ancient China as a "very fine history of God Free, very liberating "era, in many customs have shown accommodation and change of the times, this period of customs with diversity, inclusiveness, convergence, secular characteristics, also have the corresponding performance in the works. But not custom culture of literary creation and the source of power, thought at the same time also enrich the content of literary works, the literature itself has become a part of many customs and activities, and important customs activities also promote the formation of new literary creation theme and aesthetic pursuit. The perfect combination of literature and customs, more conducive to reflect the accumulation in customs in the deep cultural connotation, to complete the beautiful the social custom picture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.22

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