發(fā)布時間：2018-01-10 03:32

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：畬族古歌音樂研究　出處：《上海音樂學(xué)院》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 古歌 史詩 黃昏歌 停聲 折聲 打音唱 歌音 傳度學(xué)法

【摘要】：畬族是南方少數(shù)民族中無系統(tǒng)文字的游耕少數(shù)民族,在現(xiàn)有畬族歷史文化的研究成果中,有相當(dāng)多的歷史史料都是來自于歌的記憶。畬族的古老歌是以畬族人自己為主位的記憶,是畬族人自己關(guān)于對自我群體歷史信息的回望,與漢族史籍居于漢人主位所記錄的"畬族"以"蠻"、"獠"、"峒"、"徭"、"畬客婆"為描述對象的歷史敘事顯然是有差異的。畬族的"歌",不僅僅是"歌",她是一種"歌文化",是居于畬族族群內(nèi)部的對于"狀元"、"老師"、"秀才"等行列人士的一種顯性評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是畬族族群體現(xiàn)出廣泛性存在的"歌老師"面貌的隱形特征的浮現(xiàn)。站在漢族文化的高地,畬族人普遍受教育的程度與漢人有差距,但以畬族為主體的畬歌卻是一個包羅萬象,富含哲理,無所不有的知識寶庫,在畬族發(fā)展的歷史長河中,畬歌是一座懸浮于畬族族群聚居地域上方的"空中學(xué)校",其傳播的文化力量縱深地延續(xù)到自古到今的畬族人的血脈中�；厮葸@一條血脈的開端,"畬族古歌"的"傳落"使畬族的文化基因得以忠實地遺傳。她如此重要,卻被人遺忘。當(dāng)下,"畬族古歌"除了在文學(xué)、歷史研究意義上被學(xué)者提及之外,尚未出現(xiàn)具音樂學(xué)意義的專門觀察和研究。畬族古歌,必須厘清古歌和史詩在音樂學(xué)上的內(nèi)涵和外延�？贾T史冊,古歌應(yīng)該早于史詩的誕生,史詩是古歌在文學(xué)、詩歌樣式上的成熟階段。音樂學(xué)上的古歌概念則無需史詩所體現(xiàn)出來的莊重感、無需專門歌者、聽眾可在場也可不在場、無需宏大形制的設(shè)定。畬族古歌有狹義和廣義之分。狹義范疇中,具有創(chuàng)世內(nèi)容、神話傳說、史詩性的古歌,包括公認(rèn)的《高皇歌》、《祖公祖婆歌》、《盤古歌》等,廣義范疇中,還應(yīng)包含形制短小的祖宗歌、祭墓歌、勸理歌、祭祀歌、拉雜歌等。因此,考察畬族古歌,除了考察狹義的"古歌"之外,不應(yīng)該忽視流變最少、傳訛最少、傳承單一的極具古老性的畬族宗教科儀歌和畬族兒歌。因此,筆者在田野調(diào)查一手資料基礎(chǔ)上,從現(xiàn)有的古歌遺留中進(jìn)行文化和音樂的分析,提出符合"畬族古歌"的三個條件,并從畬族人自述為最古老的《黃昏歌》出發(fā)對畬族古歌的"停聲"、"級進(jìn)音程"、"固定三音列"、"折聲"、"非典型字詞結(jié)構(gòu)"、"打音唱"之古老歌音潤腔、畬族的古老"學(xué)師"儀式等研究對象進(jìn)行了音樂和文本上的細(xì)部分析,從而得出:畬族古歌的核心音高材料為"折聲","折聲"與各地"色彩音列"的組合便構(gòu)成了各地的畬歌;畬歌字詞的無序性體現(xiàn)了她的古老特征,畬族襯詞的加入體現(xiàn)了畬族人關(guān)于襯詞加入的性別區(qū)分,四字句字詞結(jié)構(gòu)或為畬歌形成之雛形完整形態(tài);初次提出古老畬歌的潤腔由五種主要歌音構(gòu)成;針對目前學(xué)界的謬誤,提出瀕臨失傳的畬族古老大型儀式"傳師學(xué)師"不是"祭祖"、不是"成人禮"、"傳師學(xué)師"應(yīng)為"傳度學(xué)法"的結(jié)論;在目前學(xué)界對于"傳度學(xué)法"儀式的概要記錄基礎(chǔ)上首次將"款頭"內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了目前為止最為詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場記錄;本文首次在儀式音樂詞格中發(fā)現(xiàn)了儀式音樂唱詞存在大量的其他民族所未見的畬族特殊詞格"三條變",并將他們的原型與變化進(jìn)行了"同結(jié)構(gòu)"、"近結(jié)構(gòu)"、"遠(yuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)"、"變結(jié)構(gòu)"的闡釋;文中在畬族儀式歌中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一首與河南省靈寶縣的孝歌在音樂旋律表達(dá)上具有極高的相似度,為當(dāng)下畬族族源考證之一的"源出河南夷"的學(xué)術(shù)猜想,提供了目前第一份音樂上的佐證。文末,筆者將畬歌的獨(dú)特審美與畬歌"歌場"的"儀式化"與"網(wǎng)絡(luò)化"轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)行了闡述。最后,筆者希望,真正的保護(hù)是不要去"干涉它",讓它"自己生長",從外圍給予幫助,而不是從內(nèi)部進(jìn)行干預(yù),真正的失傳是將她"吞噬"、"同化"、"異化","失去自我"。從外圍給予一切支持,讓它自己"活著",才會是真正的畬歌。
[Abstract]:She is not in the system text of southern minority nomadic minorities, in the current research results of the history of culture, there are quite a lot of historical data are from the song memory. She is the one old song to a main memory, is the man himself in the self group history information looking back, and historical records in the Han Chinese thematic recorded "Yu" to "man", "Liao", "cave", "Yao", "Yu Ke Po" to describe the historical narrative object is obviously different. She is not only the "song", "song", she is a "song culture", is she ethnic internal for the "champion", "teacher", "a dominant standard scholar" ranks of people, is she ethnic reflects the extensive existence of the emerging characteristics of stealth "Song teacher" appearance. In Han culture highland, she general education and Han Chinese But in the gap, as the main body of the song she is a cover and contain everything, rich in philosophy, Nothing needed is lacking. knowledge, in the development of history, the song she is a suspended in the She ethnic inhabit region above the "School of the air", the cultural strength of its spread deep into continuation from ancient times to the present She nationality people the blood. The blood vessels start backtracking, "the ancient song" "from" the cultural gene of she be faithfully inherited. She is so important, but forgotten. Now, "the ancient song" in literature, historical significance is mentioned, has not yet appeared special observation and study with music sense. She must clarify the ancient ancient songs, songs and music on the epic in connotation and extension. In the history of ancient song should be born early in the epic, epic is the ancient song poetry in the literary style, mature stage. The science of music The concept of ancient song without epic reflected the solemn sense, no special singer, the audience can present or not present, no grand shape setting. The ancient song of the narrow and broad points. The narrow scope, with the creation of content, myths and legends, epic of ancient songs, including recognized the < < > high Huangge, Zu Gong Zu Po song > >, < Pangu song, a broad category, should also include the short form offering tomb fathers song, song, Song Li advised, worship songs, songs such as things. Therefore, the study of ancient song, in addition to investigate the narrow "ancient song" should not be ignored, at least to some minimum, rheological, single inheritance of the religious ritual of very ancient song and the songs. Therefore, the investigation of first-hand information based on the field, analyze the culture and music from the existing legacy of ancient song, put forward in line with the three conditions of the ancient song ". And she is the oldest person in the readme 鐨，

本文編號：1403713